1. Medieval Art

2. Characteristics of Medieval Art
View point is that of God
Not meant to be realistic
Lacks depth or perspective
Figures are stiff and elongated
Facial expressions lack emotion
Background frequently a solid color
Heavily influenced by the Church

3. Enthroned Madonna and Child (1200s)

5. Madonna and Child – Giotto (1320)

7. Calling of the Apostles Peter and Andrew – Duccio di Buoninsegna (1308-1311)

8. Giotto – The Lamentation, 1305-06

9. Renaissance Art

10. Meanings of “Renaissance”
Roughly, the period spanning the mid 14th through 16th centuries
Literally “rebirth” (of literature, visual arts, philosophy)
Recovery of classical texts and ideals
Emphasis on the perfection and divinity of man

11. The Difference Medieval Art
The scene depicted is not seen from the viewpoint of the beholder, an ordinary human, but from the viewpoint of God
Renaissance Art
Renaissance artists wanted their art to say something else about the role of man in the world

12. Characteristics of Renaissance Art
Use of perspective, shadowing and depth
Realistic figures convey emotions, realism, naturalness
Natural landscapes as background (earthly matters)
Express human personality, individuality
Relationships (man, nature, faith)
Brings viewer into the picture Introduction of secular themes, especially classical myths
Changing social function of art

13. Art and Patronage
Italians were willing to spend a lot of money on art.
Art communicated social, political, and spiritual values.
Italian banking & international trade interests had the money.
Public art in Florence was organized and supported by guilds.
Therefore, the consumption of art was used as a form of competition for social & political status!

14. The Renaissance “Man”
Broad knowledge about many things in different fields.
Able to link information from different areas/disciplines and create new knowledge.
The Greek ideal of the “well-rounded man” was at the heart of Renaissance education.

15. 1. Realism & Expression Expulsion from the Garden Masaccio 1427
First nudes since classical times.

16. 2. Perspective First use of linear perspective! Perspective!
The Trinity
Masaccio
1427
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
Perspective!
First use of linear perspective!
What you are, I once was; what I am, you will become.

17. Fra Angelico, Annunciation, c. 1425
A fresco, painted on a wall in the Dominican monastery of San Marco (of which Savonarola later became the prior).

18. The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)
3. Classicism
Greco-Roman influence.
Secularism.
Humanism.
Individualism  free standing figures.
Symmetry/Balance
The “Classical Pose” Medici “Venus” (1c)

19. 4. Emphasis on Individualism
Batista Sforza & Federico de Montefeltre: The Duke & Dutchess of Urbino
Piero della Francesca,

20. The Annunciation – Giovanni di Paolo di Grazia (1435)

21. 5. Geometrical Arrangement of Figures
The Dreyfus Madonna with the Pomegranate
Leonardo da Vinci
1469
The figure as architecture!

22. 6. Light & Shadowing/Softening Edges
Sfumato
Chiaroscuro

24. Fra Angelico,
c. 1425
Leonardo c

25. Adoration of the Magi - Botticelli

26. Birth of Venus – Botticelli 1485

27. Correggio – Jupiter and Io (1532)

28. Baptism of Christ --Verrocchio

29. Virgin of the Rocks

30. Leonardo, the Artist The Virgin of the Rocks Leonardo da Vinci

31. Leonardo, St. Jerome, c. 1480

32. Mona Lisa Use of perspective Triangular composition
Subject is at an angle
Exact anatomy
Full use of the new medium of oil
Use of chiaroscuro
Layering of thin, semi-transparent layers of paint (sfumato)

33. Leonardo da Vinci, The Last Supper, 1498, [180 k,] modified fresco, 15 x 29 feet

34. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498 & Geometry

35. Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Refractory
Convent of Santa Maria delle Grazie
Milan

36. The Last Supper - da Vinci, 1498
vertical
horizontal
Perspective!

37. Leonardo, the Inventor: Pages from his Notebook

38. Michelangelo, “The Creation”

39. The Sistine Chapel Details The Creation of the Heavens

40. Michelangelo, David, c. 1501
14 feet Tall

41. What a difference a century makes!

42. Michelangelo Rebellious Slave 1513-1516

43. Tomb Pope Julius II

44. Michelangelo's Moses – (1513-1516)

45. Michelangelo's Pieta (1499)

46. The School of Athens – Raphael, 1510 -11
Da Vinci
Raphael
Michelangelo

47. School of Athens – Raphael (1510-1511

48. The School of Athens – Raphael, details
Plato: looks to the heavens [or the IDEAL realm].
Aristotle: looks to this earth [the here and now].

49. Averroes
Hypatia
Pythagoras

50. Zoroaster
Ptolemy
Euclid

51. Dying Gaul B.C (Roman)

52. Andrea del Verocchio: David, c. 1470

53. The Northern Renaissance
Northern Europe begins to recover from the Black Death and Hundred Years’ War
Merchants and northern cities grow and wealth increases
War and travel spread the ideas of the Renaissance

54. Renaissance Art in Northern Europe
Should not be considered an appendage to Italian art.
Italian influence was strong.
Painting in OIL, developed in Flanders, was widely adopted in Italy.
The differences between the two cultures:
Italy  change was inspired by humanism with its emphasis on the revival of the values of classical antiquity.
No. Europe  change was driven by religious reform, the return to Christian values, and the revolt against the authority of the Church.
More princes & kings were patrons of artists.

55. Characteristics of Northern Renaissance Art
The continuation of late medieval attention to details.
Tendency toward realism & naturalism [less emphasis on the “classical ideal”].
Interest in landscapes.
More emphasis on middle-class and peasant life.
Details of domestic interiors.
Great skill in portraiture.

56. Van Eyck:  The Crucifixion & The Last Judgment  1420-1425

57. Self Portrait -Judith Leyster (1630)

58. The Large Turf Albrect Durer (1502)

59. The Young Hare - Durer

60. Jan Van Eyck- Wedding Portrait (1434)
32 ¼ X 23 1/2

61. Jan van Eyck - Giovanni Arnolfini & His Wife (details)

62. Rogier van der Weyden (1399-1464)
The Deposition
1435

63. Massys’ The Moneylender & His Wife, 1514

66. Last Supper – Hans Holbein

67. Pieter Brughel

70. The Northern Renaissance
Northern Humanists
Criticize the Catholic Church
Christian Humanism
Reform society/educate women

71. The Legacy of the Renaissance
Changes in Art
Classical influences
Realistic portrayals of humans and nature
Secular and religious art
Writers use the vernacular
Art praises individual achievement

72. The Legacy of the Renaissance
Printing
Books become cheaper/available
Publication of maps and charts
Leads to new discoveries
Published legal proceedings
Greater understanding of rights
Political and religious practices are questioned