1. ART!!!
PERIOD 1

2. New Techniques in Art Painting Perspective Chiaroscuro Human emotion
sfumato
Sculpture
Free-standing
contrapposto
Idealized human form; nudes
Greco-Roman motifs
Architecture
Greek temple architecture
Simplicity, symmetry, harmony, balance

3. Sandro Botticelli ( )
Venus is central figure, symbolizing Humanitas: embodiment of the ideal
Ideal of nature: springtime
Hung in Medici house
Savonarola changed Botticelli’s work to reflect piety over sensuality
Primavera, 1482

4. Botticelli
Birth of Venus,
Venus and Mars, 1483

5. Raphael (1483-1520) Pope Julius II commissioned School of Athens
Four branches of human knowledge:
Theology
Law (Justice)
Poetry
Philosophy (School of Athens)
Plato & Aristotle central figures
Aristotle: concerned with nature and human affairs
Plato: ancient philosophers, mysteries that transcend this world
Gardner’s p

6. Michelangelo ( )
Primarily a sculptor: believed every block of marble contained perfect form within it
Platonist
Sought the ideal
Loyal Christian
Use of contrapposto
an asymmetrical arrangement of the human figure in which the line of the arms and shoulders contrasts with while balancing those of the hips and legs.
David, 1504

7. Pieta,
St. Peter’s Basilica, 1546

8. The Last Judgement,

9. Sistine Chapel,
Moses (for tomb Julius II),

10. Venetian School: Titian (1485-1576)
The Ascension,
Bacchus and Ariadne,

11. Mannerism Art Compositions can have no focal point,
space can be ambiguous,
figures can be characterized by an athletic bending and twisting with distortions, exaggerations, an elastic elongation of the limbs, bizarre posturing on one hand, graceful posturing on the other hand, and a rendering of the heads as uniformly small and oval.
The composition is jammed by clashing colors, which is unlike what we’ve seen in the balanced, natural, and dramatic colors of the High Renaissance.
Mannerist artwork seeks instability and restlessness. 

12. Mannerism Characteristics:
El Greco ( )
Burial of Count Orgaz,
Reaction against Renaissance ideals of balance, symmetry, simplicity, and realistic use of color
Rebellion against “perfection” of High Renaissance
Used unnatural color, shapes irregular
Bridge between High Renaissance & Baroque

13. Tintoretto
Last Supper, 1594
Arcimboldo
"Vertemnus” ca 1590

14. Baroque Art Stormy. exceedingly emotional
more dynamic than earlier styles. The period is identified as encompassing an art of passion and theatrical displays. It is :
Forceful
Brilliant
Tense
Bursting with energy
Sensual
Extravagant

15. Baroque Art
Italian Baroque artists embraced a more dynamic and complex aesthetic.
…dramatic theatricality, grandiose scale, and elaborate ornateness…characterized… the art and architecture.
Baroque art production further suggests the role art played in supporting the aims of the [Catholic] Church.
Bernini, baldacchino, , St. Peter’s, Vatican City.
-Gardner’s Art Through the Ages, 11th Ed.
Bernini, Trevi Fountain, , Rome.

16. Bernini, David, 1623, Galleria Borghese, Rome.
Artemisia Gentileschi, Judith Slaying Holofernes, , Uffizi, Florence, Italy.

17. Baroque Sculpture and Architecture Italy:
Gian Lorenzo Bernini ( )
Piazza Navona: Fountain of the Four Rivers
A Counter Reformation Catholic
Inspired by Caravaggio
Sculptor
Greatest imprint on city of Rome than any other artist

18. Bernini
Saint Peter’s Square
Baldacchino

19. Bernini
Trevi Fountain
David

20. Ecstasy of Saint Teresa by Bernini

21. Italian Baroque Painting
Caravaggio ( )
Baroque art reaches out to people and provokes action; designed to give spontaneous personal experience.
Baroque paintings are filled with dramatic movement, striking contrasts of light and dark, vivid colors, and earthly realism.
Baroque artists depicted the heroic acts of martyrs and saints to inspire the lower classes to accept their own suffering and not lose faith.
First important painter of Baroque period
Highly emotional scenes
Use of tenebrism
Considered a realist in an age of idealists
Criticized for use of ordinary, gritty people as models even for religious paintings

22. Caravaggio
Bacchus
David with the Head of Goliath

23. Caravaggio
Basket of Fruit
Crucifixion of Saint Peter

24. Northern European Baroque Art
Peter Paul Rubens ( )
Rubenshuis, Antwerp
northern Europe, the Netherlands was divided into two parts: the Northern Netherlands (present day Netherlands) and Southern Netherlands (present day Belgium and part of France), each usually referred to as Holland (North) and Flanders (South).
Rubens and his workshop dominated the art of Flanders with the creation of dramatic and powerful religious altarpieces and portraits of the ruling families of Italy and France.
Emphasized color and sensuality (nudes as Roman goddesses, nymphs, saints, and angels); melodramatic contrasts; monumental size
Mainly Christian subjects

25. Rubens
The Fall of Man,
The Three Graces, 1635

26. Rembrandt (1606-1669) Self Portrait, 1658
Dutch artist during Dutch Golden Age
Self Portrait, 1658
Painted in Amsterdam – tolerant city, valued personal privacy, thus unknown if he was Catholic or Protestant
Personal tragedies: wife died, 3 of 4 children died, bankrupt
Known for self-portraits (more than 90), very prolific
Narrow color range: browns, reds, beige. Pinpoint style with light to illuminate a point
Painterly style: layers of paint

27. Rembrandt: The Night Watch 1642

28. Rembrandt Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Tulp 1632
Return of the Prodigal Son, 1669

29. Baroque Art: Spain Diego Velasquez, 1599-1660 Las Meninas, 1656
Court painter for King Philip IV
Favorite
Moved into palace
Spanish Golden Age
Important portrait artist
Loose brush technique

30. Velasquez
Philip IV 1632
Los Borrachos 1628

31. Baroque Music (ca )
Highly complex, polyphonic musical texture
Rich, expressive
Use of Church organ, harpsichord
Improvisation
Composers:
Bach ( )
Handel ( )
Vivaldi ( )