1. Europe before Transatlantic Travel
Greek and Roman Government
Greek Philosophers and Government
Ancient Greeks valued _____________ and believed in the power of the human mind to ____________, _____________ and understand ____________.
Three great thinkers:
Socrates
A great ________________
Thought people should ____________ their own beliefs.
Plato
A ____________ and a _____________
Thought society should be based on ____________ and _______________ for everyone.
Aristotle
A ______________ and expert in many areas
Thought people should live their lives based on ____________.

2. The Middle Ages

3. Geometry: accurately calculating the size of ____________
c. Other subjects gained fame:
Geometry: accurately calculating the size of ____________
Medicine: studying the human ____________
______________: devices to water fields
Politics:
Dividing a large area into independent ________________.
Establishing _______________
2. Roman Law and Government
a. Democratic Government
Elected _________________
Written _______________
Influenced other _________________ around the world.

4. Feudalism
Feudalism
Kings gave out _____________ to noblemen in return for _____________
_____________ would subdivide that land and give it to ___________ in return for ________________
_______________ would give very tiny plots of land to _____________ who had almost no rights or privileges
480s. Franks conquered Gaul (present day _____________) and created a huge ________________
800s, ________________ began to attack these European settlements, kings had trouble defending empire.
_______________ had to protect themselves and their ____________.
Nobles gained ____________ and kings lost _____________
Feudalism promoted ____________________________________ but the ______________________ helped to unify them.

5. 2312

6. The Feudal System
In most of medieval Europe, society was dependent on the "feudal" system, which was based on allocation of land in return for service. The king would give out grants of land to his most important noblemen (barons and bishops), and each noble would have to promise to loyally follow him and supply him with soldiers in time of war.
They did this at a special - kneeling before the king, he swore an oath with the words "Sire, I become your man.“
The nobles then divided their land among lower lords, or knights who also had to become their vassals(servants).
In the lowest spot in society sat the peasants who worked on the land itself. They had almost no rights, tiny pieces of property - and no vassals.

7. Crusades

8. The Crusades Causes of the Crusades a. Late 1000s
b. Muslim Turks were controlling access to ____________ (holy land for Christians)
c. Christians could no longer safely take _________________ to their holy land
The ___________ was preaching about recapturing the holy land
Causes of the Crusades

9. Crusades
Christians began a series of wars with the Muslims that lasted almost _____________ years.
Failure for the _________.
Effects of the crusades:
Need for creation and movement of supplies and men led to a dramatic increase in _____________________.
Began breaking down _____________________ because people would sell land to help with war efforts.

10. Travel, Trade and Towns
About AD 1000
_________ grew in size
_________ technology improved
Travel became safer
Kingdoms became _____________ (organized political units with a central government)
Mongols made Silk Road (from _________ to _____________)
Trade routes spread (especially from __________to Africa and Asia)
People began bringing in ___________ from various countries.
Black Death
Spread via _____ travelling for trade
_________ spread through Europe
Killed more than _______of population
Results: very few people meant few workers
People moved to cities, which began to _____.
Trade began to ________ again.

11. Black Death, 1347-1351 Cause: rats
The Plague
The Bubonic Plague
Black Plague
Great Pestilence
Great Mortality
Great Plague
Cause: rats
Death toll: Europe (estimated million), Worldwide: (est million)
Result: Renaissance
Black Death: A disease spreads

12. Renaissance means “rebirth”
Cultural reawakening in which people renewed their love of art, education, architecture, poetry, literature, etc.
1350s-1600s

13. David
Artist: Gianlorenzo Bernini Title: David Date Created: Where you can see it: Galleria Borghese, Rome, Italy

14. Artist, Engineer, Inventor: Leonardo Da Vinci
Mona Lisa
Artist: Leonardo Da Vinci Title: Mona Lisa Year created: c1506 Where you can see it: Louvre Museum, Paris, France
Artist, Engineer, Inventor: Leonardo Da Vinci
The Last Supper 
Artist: Leonardo da Vinci
Title: The Last Supper 
Where you can find it: Santa Maria della Grazie, Milan, Italy
Date Created: late 15th century

15. Leonardo DaVinci’s Inventions
DIVING SUIT
Leonardo DaVinci’s Inventions
ARMORED TANK
BALL BEARING
MACHINE GUN
PARACHUTE

16. Artist: Michelangelo David Creation of Adam, Date Created: circa 1511
Date Created: 1504 Where you can see it: Accademia Gallery in Florence, Italy 
Creation of Adam, Date Created: circa 1511
Where you can see it: Sistine Chapel ceiling, Vatican City, Italy

17. Madonna of the Magnifocat
Sandro Botticelli, Madonna of the Magnifocat c Tempera on Panel, diameter 118 cm Galleria degli Uffizi, Florence 
Artist: Botticelli

18. Renaissance
Search for Knowledge
Time when people developed a love of _________ and __________
Search for _____________ in ______, __________, _________, __________.
Italian artists
______________________

19. Dante: _____________
Scientific and mathematical advances
Inventions:
Printing Press
___________________
Economic Changes affect ___________
Rise in ____________, which is a system that unifies and increases the power and wealth of a nation
Banks are formed
______________ are formed