1. Reform & the Early 1900’s
Populism Progressivism

2. Farmers Alliances
Groups of farmers got together to fight for their cause
The Granger movement-farmers got together and formed sort of a political party
Later turned into the Populist Party

4. Populists Tried to cure the problems of the farmers
What were the problems of the farmers?
Overproduction-prices dropped, farmers lost $
Railroads-charged extremely high prices
Lack of money-currency was deflated, farmers couldn’t get a hold of enough money
Gold Standard

5. Goals of the Populists Free Silver-wanted more $ in the $ supply
Railroad Regulation
Graduated Income Tax-the more you earn the higher percentage that you pay in taxes
Gov’t intervention

6. William Jennings Bryan
Leader of the Populists
“Cross of Gold” speech
Runs for Pres 3 times
Loses each time but…

7. Impact of the Populist Party
Although they don’t win any elections they are considered a success
Many of their ideas get absorbed by the bigger parties
Many of their ideas later become law

8. Native Americans Are always treated poorly Forced off of their land
Put onto reservations
The Dawes Act-attempt to Americanize Native Americans-fails

13. Progressive Reform
Progressives tried to fix inner city problems that were caused by industrialization
They also tried to get more citizen participation in Gov’t
Politicians
Writers

14. Muckrakers Writers whose works influenced socioeconomic change
Upton Sinclair: The Jungle
Lincoln Steffens: The Shame of the Cities
Jacob Riis: How the Other Half Lives
Ida Tarbell: History of the Standard Oil Company
Frank Norris: The Octopus

15. The Jungle Upton Sinclair
Exposed the filth in the meatpacking industry
Led to the Meat Inspection Act

16. History of Standard Oil
Ida Tarbell
Exposed the ruthless practices of Standard Oil.
Standard Oil was later broken up by the Gov’t

17. Antitrust Laws Were designed to limit the power of monopolies
Were designed to restore competition to smaller businesses
Sherman Antitrust Act
Clayton Antitrust Act

18. Jacob Riis
Used photographs as a means of exposing the horrible conditions of the cities
Led to safety code enforcement

25. Progressive Politicians
Teddy Roosevelt
William Howard Taft
Woodrow Wilson
Robert M. Lafollette

26. Teddy Roosevelt

27. T.R. as a Progressive
The Square Deal-name of Roosevelt's program to reform the country.
Pure Food and Drug Act
Meat Inspection Act
Regulating “Good” Trusts
Breaking up “Bad” Trusts

29. Roosevelt as a Naturalist
Roosevelt also believed in preserving the environment and wilderness.
Forest Reserve Act
National Reclamation Act
Roosevelt was considered a great conservationist

30. Roosevelt on Foreign Policy
We will get back to him in another unit.

31. Roosevelt retires
In 1909 Roosevelt followed tradition and didn't seek a 3rd term.
Will be replaced by his hand picked successor:
William Howard Taft

32. William Howard Taft

33. Taft Broke up more trusts then Roosevelt
Doesn’t do everything that Roosevelt hoped that he would do.
We will get back to Taft as well as Roosevelt when we talk about foreign policy in the era

35. Woodrow Wilson
Defeats Taft and Roosevelt in 1912, more on that later…..
New Freedom: name of Wilson’s plan for reform in America
Federal Reserve System -the nations national bank
Interest Rates
Money Supply

36. Robert LaFollette

37. Lafollette Progressive Gov from Wisconsin
Was huge into the concept of…
Increased citizen participation in Gov’t

38. Reforms of fighting Bob
Secret Ballot
Initiative-allowed voters to petition the legislature to consider laws
Referendum-voters decide whether a bill or amendment should be passed
Recall-force elected officials from office
Direct Primary-allows voters, rather than party leaders, to select candidates for office

39. The Impact of the Progressives
Although they never win the Presidency; many of their ideas are absorbed by the bigger parties
Many of their ideas later become law
Direct Election of Senators
Graduated Income Tax
Initiative, Recall, Referendum

40. The Loeffmobile