1. The Sport Training Science Summit Forum in the Capital University of Physical Education and Sports of China, 12–13 September, 2015
VLADIMIR PLATONOV
THE SYSTEM FOR PREPARATION ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC SPORTS. GENERAL THEORY AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

2. STRUCTURE OF PERIODIZATION FOR TRAINING ATHLETES
Megastructure
(Greek megas — great, large)
Structure of multi-year training and its elements, the quadrennial Olympic cycles
Macrostructure
(Greek macros — long, large)
The structure of annual cycles, macrocycles, and periods, and their composing stages
Mesostructure
(Greek mezos — middle, intermediate)
Structure of mesocycles
Microstructure
(Greek micros — small)
Structure of microcycles, training sessions, and their series held during a day

3. Elements of megastructure of training athletes
Phase of formation of the highest sports mastery (8–12 years)
Stages:
Initial training
Preparatory basic training
Specialized basic training
Preparation for the highest achievements
Phase of development and realization of the highest sports mastery (from 2–3 to 10–15 years or more)
Maximum realization of individual capabilities
Maintenance of the highest sports mastery
Gradual decline in performance
Olympic (four-year cycles)

4. Approximate ratio of general, auxiliary and special preparation in the process of long-term perfection

5. Traditional and optimum approach to formation of sports reserve and stage-by-stage selection of athletes in the system of long-term preparation

6. Long-term preparation structure in rowing

7. Тhe general structure of long-term preparation of swimmers (100 and 200 m butterfly): A, B — parts of the long-term training ( — the zone of the highest results; 1—7 stages of long-term preparation (1 — initial, 2 — preliminary base, 3 — special base, 4 — preparation to peak achievements, 5 — the maximum realization of individual capabilities, 6 — maintenance of the peak performance, 7 — gradual reduction of performance)

8. Тhe general structure of long-term preparation of 100 m runners: A, B — parts of the long-term training ( — the zone of the highest results; 1—7 stages of long-term preparation (1 — initial, 2 — preliminary base, 3 — special base, 4 — preparation to peak achievements, 5 — the maximum realization of individual capabilities, 6 — maintenance of the peak performance, 7 — gradual reduction of performance)

9. The Youth Olympic Games and age limits in the zone of highest results in different sports

10. The number of U.S. swimmers (%) remaining among the top 16 in the next age group

11. The dynamics of athletic performance in freestyle strongest swimmers in the world (men) in the process of long-term improvement

12. The dynamics of athletic results of Merlene Ottey in the process of long-term improvement

13. Long-term preparation structure and dynamics of athletic performance of Sergei Bubka (at the stadium)

14. Dynamics of preparedness for efficient competitive activity during one-cycle (a) and two-cycle (b) design of annual preparation: A — preparatory period; B — competitive period; C — transitional period (arrows indicate participation in competitions)

15. Premature achievement of peak of preparedness in athletes preparing for the Games of Olympiad through participation in “Jiro Italia” race resulting in poor performance at the Games (Yerdakov, Zakharov, 1997)

16. Coincidence of peak of preparedness and start of the Games of Olympiad in athletes preparing through participation in “Tour de France” race (Yerdakov, Zakharov, 1997)

17. Principal scheme of design of annual preparation of GDR track and field athletes (middle and long distance running) with orientation at one peak of maximum preparedness for major competitions of the year – main model (Olympic cycle of 1988–1992)

18. Principal scheme of design of annual preparation of GDR track and field athletes (middle and long distance running) with orientation at 2 peaks of maximum preparedness for major competitions of the year – auxiliary model (Olympic cycle of 1988–1992)

19. Typical scheme of four-cycle design of annual preparation of elite swimmers (mutual experience of the national teams of the USSR and GDR 1988—1990)

20. 3-cycle model of annual preparation of elite swimmers (200, 400 m distance).
І—ІІІ macrocycles. Macrocycle periods:
ПГ — preparatory, С — competitive,
П — transitional.
Mesocycles: В — involving, Б — basic,
ВР — recovery- developmental,
ВП — recovery-supporting, КП — control-preparatory,
ПС — precompetitive,
С — competitive.
Microcycles:
АО — active rest.

21. 4-cycle model of annual preparation of elite swimmers (200, 400 m distance).
І—ІV macrocycles. Macrocycle periods:
ПГ — preparatory, С — competitive,
П — transitional.
Mesocycles: В — involving, Б — basic,
ВР — recovery- developmental,
ВП — recovery-supporting, КП — control-preparatory,
ПС — precompetitive,
С — competitive.
Microcycles:
АО — active rest.

22. 5-cycle model of annual preparation of elite swimmers (200, 400 m distance).
І—V macrocycles.
Macrocycle periods:
ПГ — preparatory, С — competitive,
П — transitional.
Mesocycles: В — involving, Б — basic,
ВР — recovery- developmental,
ВП — recovery-supporting, КП — control-preparatory,
ПС — precompetitive,
С — competitive.

23. Principal scheme of designing 6-cycle model of annual preparation of elite middle distance swimmers with orientation at five peaks of preparedness for major competitions of macrocycles and one peak of the highest level of preparedness for major competitions of the year. Mesocycles: I — involving, B — basic, CP — control-preparatory, PC — precompetitive, C — competitive, R — rehabilitative. Macrocycle periods: P — preparatory, С — competitive, T — transitional

24. Training volume, %
Volume
Days
Different types of reducing swimming volume during tapering (Mujika, 2009)

25. Optimum dynamics of training volume
Training volume, % of maximum
Days of tapering
Optimum dynamics of training volume
in a three-week precompetitive mesocycle

26. General structure of 8-week stage of direct preparation of swimmers for major competition: 1 — volume of work in water; 2 — volume of dry land work, 3 — control competitions, 4 — load dynamics

27. The Sport Training Science Summit Forum in the Capital University of Physical Education and Sports of China, 12–13 September, 2015
VLADIMIR PLATONOV
THE SYSTEM FOR PREPARATION ATHLETES IN OLYMPIC SPORTS. GENERAL THEORY AND ITS PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS