1. 1 Corinthians 11:23-26

2. Elements of the Lord’s Supper

3. Context of Establishment

4. Passover
Luke 22:15
Mark 14:12
Nisan 14 – Exod. 12:1-20

5. Non-Passover Theory
John 18:28

6. Passover Terminology
Luke 22:1
Lev. 23:8
Deut. 16:2

7. Unleavened Bread
Exod. 12:15
Exod. 29:2, 23

8. One Loaf?
1 Cor. 10:16-17
Acts 4:4

9. “Jesus took only one loaf, which represented His one body
“Jesus took only one loaf, which represented His one body. The Greek word for bread in Matt 26:26 is artos and is singular in number, denoting a loaf. Hence, the use of a plurality of loaves would also be a violation of specific authority—they would violate the one loaf” Billy Dickinson “Are Individual Cups an Aid?” Old Paths Advocate 58.6 (June 1, 1986) 6.

10. Artos “Bread”
John 6:31 (sing.)
Only one loaf?

11. What Does 1 Corinthians 10:17 Mean?

12. “Paul writing to Corinth from Ephesus says that ‘we are all’—Christians in Ephesus and Christians in Corinth—‘we are all partakers of that one bread, of that one loaf.’” W. Curtis Porter Porter-Waters Debate. (Murfreesboro, TN: DeHoff Publications, 1952) 70.

13. Bab. Talmud, “fruit of the vine”=“wine” (Beracoth 35a).
The Cup
Matt. 26:27
26:29 = “fruit of the vine”
Bab. Talmud, “fruit of the vine”=“wine” (Beracoth 35a).
Bible “wine”= product of grape from grape juice to vinegar (Isa. 65:8; Num. 6:3)

14. “Since fermentation was considered a type of leaven, and all leaven was to be removed from the house during Passover, the implication is this juice was unfermented.” Kenneth Chumbley The Gospel of Matthew (Nashville: Selfpublished, 1999) 463.

15. Unleavened Wine? Jewish Karaites
“The Torah states that there are two kinds of leaven, śeʾōr and ḥamēṣ. The definition of śeʾōr is a leavening or fermenting agent that is an inedible substance, such as yeast and sourdough, which induces fermentation. Ḥamēṣ comes from the Hebrew word meaning sour as is therefore any edible food that has gone through a souring process, in other words any food that has fermented.”
Rekhavi, Meir Yosef. The Biblical Passover Haggadha. (Jerusalem: World Karaite Movement, 2004) 8.

16. Non-Refrigeration Theory
Boiling and Filtering
My Test:
GrapeJuiceTest.html

17. Water and Wine Rabbinical Jews (Mish. Beracoth 7.5)
2-3 to 1 (Bab. Talmud, Shabbat 77a)
“Cup of wine mixed with water”
150 AD Justin, First Apology 65.