1. Three Discoveries of America
I. Native Americans-
Land bridge theory
Variation in dates:
1. 30, ,000 yrs ago
2. 50, ,000 yrs ago

2. A. Norse Seafares- from Scandinavia B. Erik The Red-
II. Vikings AD
A. Norse Seafares- from Scandinavia
B. Erik The Red-
1.sagas (Scandinavian folk tales)
2. Leif Erikson- most likely 1st European to reach America

3. C. 1100- hostilities begin between Native American and Vikings
Vikings leave and never return

4. III Columbus 1492
A. Born 1451 Genoa, Italy
B. Studies navigation in Lisbon, Portugal: Greek geography& read “Travels of Marco Polo.”
C. Financed by Spain

5. D. Spanish monarchs Ferdinand & Isabella pay for voyage
E. Made a total of four voyages to the New World

6. Results of Columbus’ Voyage:
A. Columbian Exchange
B. Increased competition between Spain & Portugal

7. C. Pope Alexander VI- Line. of Demarcation 1493-all
C. Pope Alexander VI- Line of Demarcation 1493-all lands west belong to Spain& all lands east went to Portugal

8. C. Treaty of Tordesillas, officially ends the dispute & sets Line of Demarcation at 48 degrees west longitude

9. At this time England is still out of the picture
At this time England is still out of the picture. The unrest caused by the Protestant Reformation further delays both England & France

10. Early Advances and Exploration Before Columbus
I. Portugal-
A. Prince Henry the navigator
1. Establishes school in Lisbon
2. Goal of the school is promote the scientific study and advance of navigation

11. Bartholomeu Diaz Portuguese explorer & 1st to round the tip of Africa after being blown of course
Vasco da Gama rounds the tip of Africa and discovers a trade route to India

12. Scientific Advances
I. Astrolabe- Navigation instrument used to observe the position of the stars
II. Quadrant- Navigation instrument that measured the distance between sun & stars to find a ship’s location

13. III. Carrack- Large merchant ship
IV. Scurvy- sickness caused by lack of vitamin c