1. Delivering the Code for Sustainable Homes 9 Nov 2006
Emyr Poole
Senior Projects Manager
National Consultancy Unit

2. Key Points
Aim: To establish a universal standard for sustainable housing that will replace and unify other standards including EcoHomes
Fully resolved and authenticated
Readily usable by the house building industry
Well managed by independent organisation
Affordable
Widely recognised, respected and valued
Bridge to Building Regs – signal long term trajectory
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

3. The Cyril Sweett study : Aims
Analysis of the cost implications of meeting Level 3 of the proposed Code for Sustainable Homes
Understand sensitivity of costs to energy and water
Identify relationship between cost and performance
Evaluate potential for savings from
Widespread adoption of technologies favoured by the Code
Use of new technologies that could deliver higher performance more effectively
Analyse the potential benefits of site wide solutions
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

4. Study incredibly complicated
6 house types x 6 levels x 10 standards = 360 variations
108 credits
27 credits linked to mandatory standards
The rest are tradable
Each credit has a different weighting and all credits can be traded
Significantly different from EcoHomes
HELP : I’m a house builder get me out of here
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

5. Method Show slides of Nepal 1. Select house types
2. Establish cost and performance baseline
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal
3. Identify environmental enhancements (energy, water and other)
4. Cost analysis of enhanced specifications
5. Application to different development scales
6. Review of measures to reduce costs
7. Summary, conclusions and proposals for further work

6. Costing Process Main exclusions Show slides of Nepal
Based on 2006 compliant house types and prices
Costs base of a volume house builder (5-10k homes per annum), building anything from units
Costs include main contractors preliminaries, fees, overheads, profit, contingency, etc)
Main exclusions
site works, VAT
Impact of bulk purchasing – 5000 units (vary by technology from 5-60% - solar PV, hot water, GSHP, micro CHP, biomass boilers grey water recycling etc)
No review of market expansion over next 10 years - technologies and prices will change in response to market: precedents for this
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

7. Benchmark Prices Show slides of Nepal Home type Base cost £m2*
Detached (4 bed) – 116m2
£785
Terraced (4 bed ) – 101m2
£740
Medium / high rise apartment (2 bed) – 88m2
£1,415
Design for manufacture (2 bed end terrace)
£780**
Design for manufacture (2 bed mid terrace)
*Base costs for 2006 compliant property
**Base costs for Design for Manufacture compliant property (improved energy performance and EcoHomes Excellent)
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

8. Minimum standards Key elements Measures standards Show slides of Nepal
Energy
Fabric and appliances
Above Part L 2006
Water
Low flush, water efficiency
Improvement on water efficiency regulation litres per person p.d
(review to begin shortly)
Surface water management
SUDS
Peak runoff rates and annual run-off (green roofs, soak aways, water butts, permeable drainage)
Construction & household waste
Site management plans
DTI best practice, waste to landfill target
Provision of external bin storage, 0.8m3 per dwelling, composting etc
Materials
Inventory and impact of materials
Responsible sourcing
Avoid high impact materials in 80% of key elements (roofs, walls, floors, windows, doors)
Reduce embodied impact
Certified materials
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

9. Tradable Standards Elements measures standards Show slides of Nepal
Health and well being
Daylighting
Sound
Min daylight factor of 2% in kitchen and 1.5% in living room, and view of sky
Pre-completion testing and compliance
Further credits for exceeding min standard
Management
Home user packs
Considerate contractor
Provide non technical on building performance
Compliance
CO2 site monitoring
Secure by design
Pollution
Emissions
Non ozone depleting or global warming gas emissions from insulating materials
Low N0x heating systems
Lifetime homes
Access
16 Design features in Lifetime homes
Ecology
Ecological impact
Value of site, impact of development on species number, density of development
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

10. Minimum Standards Other mandatory requirements: Level 1 2 3 4 5 6
Control of run off
Minimum green guide ratings
Site waste management plans
Provision of waste storage facilities
Level 1 2 3 4 5 6
Energy (% improvement over ADL1 2006)
10%
18%
25%
44%
69%
100%
Water (l per bedspace per year)
125
118
105
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

11. Energy measures considered
Building Fabric (walls, windows, floor and roof)
Heating (performance and controls)
Ventilation
Low carbon technologies (CHP and micro CHP)
Renewable energy (solar thermal, PV, wind, biomass)
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

12. Scenarios
Energy efficiency measures followed by solar water heating then photovoltaics and then biomass
Energy efficiency measures followed by small scale wind turbines then biomass
Use of site wide energy solution (CHP)
Also considered Micro CHP for houses (although
not available on the market at present)

13. Energy costs to achieve Level 3
House type
Scenario 1 – solar water heating
Scenario 2 – small scale wind
Scenario 3 –site wide energy
Detached house
£3,916
£1,693
£2,622
End terrace house
£3,692
Low rise apartment
£2,907
£1,600
£1,349
High rise apartment
£5,952
£3,751
£1,695
DfM (Weber Haus)
£120
DfM (SixtyK House) £0
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

14. Other energy saving measures
Proprietary construction details
Water efficiency measures
Waste water heat recovery
Ground / air source heat pumps
Passive design
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

15. Water measures considered
WCs
Taps
Showers
Baths
Appliances
Greywater
Rainwater
Options considered very low flow taps and low (4/2l) flush toilets
EA recommend using 4.5 single flush (approved) and recycling only in flats
Issues about what is acceptable to the householder
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

16. Water costs
Communal systems can significantly reduce costs of CSH Levels 5 and 6 for housing (see graph)
CSH Level
Water consumption
House
Apartment
1 and 2
125 ltr per day £0
3 and 4
118 ltr per day
5 and 6
105 ltr per day
£2,520
£680
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

17. Water costs Show slides of Nepal
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

18. Cost of achieving the CSH
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

19. Costs – detached house Show slides of Nepal
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

20. Costs – summary

21. Costs – summary (scenario 1)
CSH Level
Traditional detached
Traditional end terrace
Traditional low rise
Traditional high rise 1
£765 (0.8%)
£813 (1.1%)
£510 (0.6%)
£2,878 (2.3%) 2
£2,226 (2.4%)
£2,556 (3.4%)
£2,405 (3.0%)
£3,805 (3.1%) 3
£4,950 (5.4%)
£5,134 (6.8%)
£3,789 (4.8%)
£6,381 (5.1%) 4
£15,775 (17.3%)
£15,884 (21.1%)
£9,364 (11.8%)
£17,673 (14.2%) 5
£25,302 (27.7%)
£26,427 (35.1%)
£32,945 (41.6%)
£32,397 (26.0%) 6
£30,228 (33.1%)
£30,067 (40.0%)
£34,801 (43.9%)
£33,635 (27.0%)
Percentage increase is shown in brackets.

22. Comparison of CSH Level 3 and EcoHomes Very Good
Detached house
Low rise apartment
Very Good
Level 3
Additional cost
Scenario 1
£500
£4,950
£4,450
£809
£3,789
£2,980 %
0.6%
5.4%
4.8%
0.9%
3.9%
Scenario 2
£2,965
£2,465
£2,482
£1,673
3.3%
2.7%
3.1%
2.2%
Scenario 3
£3,556
£3,056
£1,642
£833
2.1%
1.2%
Reduction from ADL1A 0%
>25%
Water consumption
126 ltr
118 ltr
-8 ltr

23. Potential Cost Reductions
Innovation in approach and design
Cost reduction from increased market size (experience curves)
Use of new technologies and construction methods
Bulk Purchasing – quotes very dramatically
Site wide approaches and the growth of ESCO and MUSCO services – implications very interesting
Scalability – Tattenhoe etc
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

24. Rapid increase in use of key technologies in response to legislation
Experience curves suggest an ~18% cost reduction for each doubling of market
Micro CHP already being sold at around £1350 a unit for bulk orders

25. Emerging technologies
Stores up to 100l
Computer monitoring controls grey water quality
Minimal space requirements
Cost ~£2k
Can be installed by standard wet trades
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

26. Wind Low noise and vibration
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal
Low noise and vibration
Works better in low wind speeds than horizontal access
More aesthetically pleasing
6kW (8,500 to 11,000 kWh) system ~£25k
Payback +15 years

27. Fuel cells No / low emissions at point of generation Low noise
Highly efficient CHP
Carbon emissions dependent on source of hydrogen
Not commercially viable but costs falling
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

28. Impact of site wide options
Options considered
Wind
CHP
Biomass
Wind – cheapest but not always suitable
Biomass – expensive (~£70 per m2)
CHP - Similar to micro CHP in cost and carbon saving
New finance and funding mechanisms – off balance sheet
EP already finding that costs aren’t as frightening as predicted – first 1000 carbon neutral homes
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

29. Other issues
Planning
many regional and local authorities are planning or have implemented their own energy policies and targets
Milton Keynes – off-set (50 times more cost effective than on-site renewables)
GLA has minimum renewable target – 10% rising to 20%
Other local authorities use EcoHomes (will they switch?)
Other authorities have other standards covering a range of issues
Planning and Building Regs must be coordinated or there could be chaos for industry
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

30. How to get to our goal
The aim is to deliver carbon neutral development as soon and as cost effectively as possible
Fewer and clearer steps
Very clear signal to the market (set out exactly when and what change will occur)
Ensure planning is coordinated
Give adequate time for supply chains to evolve
Ensure regulation and legislation are in place
Ensure that accreditation systems and capacity is in place
Invest in Marketing/PR/Brand, win public support
Be aware that this is not the cheapest or most efficient way to deliver carbon reductions
Hurricane Katrina, the Asian Tsunami, Southern Sudan, Niger etc demonstrate how the environment can wreak havoc.
None of these events can be blamed on climate change but as climate change kicks in we are going to be increasingly prone to major natural hazards.
What these events demonstrate is how we are becoming increasingly vulnerable as we get richer and more dependant on the carbon economy.
We are becoming less and less adaptable and more vulnerable
The scale of devastation is growing exponentially and will threaten the economy – would it not be better to design sustainably in the first place
Show slides of Nepal

32.
No notes