1. Section 6.1 Summary – pages 141-151
Add the following root words to your journal:
Root Meaning Science example
Poly many polymer
Mers units polymer
Mono only one monomer
Macro large Macromolecule
Ose sugar sucrose
Di two disaccharide
Tri three triglyceride
Hydro Water hydrophobic
Phobic fearing hydrophobic
Philic loving hydrophilic
Section 6.1 Summary – pages

2. What is organic chemistry?
The study of all compounds containing the element CARBON
Natural elements:
make up 96% of the mass of a human:
CARBON, HYDROGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN (C,H,O,N)
Trace elements:
only needed in small amounts, called “minerals” (phosphate)

3. Section 6.1 Summary – pages 141-151

5. Section 6.1 Summary – pages 141-151
Four polymers of the human body:
Carbohydrates – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Lipids – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
Proteins – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sometimes sulfur
Nucleic Acids- carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Section 6.1 Summary – pages

6. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
“Carbohydrate loading”
Why does a runner eat large quantities of spaghetti or bread the day before a race?
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

7. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
“Carbohydrate loading”
Carbohydrates provide energy for the cells.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

8. Four main types of carbon-based molecules are found in living things.
Carbohydrates are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

9. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The structure of carbohydrates
The simplest type of carbohydrate is a simple sugar called a monosaccharide (mah noh SA kuh ride). (ie. __________, fructose)
Disaccharide (sucrose)
polysaccharides, polymers composed of many monosaccharide subunits. (ie. Cellulose, glycogen, and starch)
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

10. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Examples of Carbohydrates
Cellulose (insoluble fiber) is a polysaccharide used to form cell walls in plants.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

11. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Examples of Carbohydrates
Glycogen is a polysaccharide made and stored in animals for energy.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

12. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Examples of Carbohydrates
Have you heard of a starch? What are some examples of starches?
Starch is used as energy storage by plant cells. (animals can also break this down and use it for energy)
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

13. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Functions of Lipids
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

14. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Uses of Lipids
Insulation
Energy Storage
Protective coating
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

15. LIPIDS Made up mainly of C & H & O
Because they are non-polar they are insoluble in water
Saturated:
has maximum number of H bonds
usually solid at room temperature
Unsaturated:
at least one double bond
causes “kinks”/bends = makes close packing much more difficult
usually liquid

16. Triglyceride

17. Fats and oils have different types of fatty acids.
saturated fatty acids
unsaturated fatty acids

18. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The function of proteins
Why would you eat a lot of protein?
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

19. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Function of a protein
Provide structure for tissue and organs, and carries out cell metabolism.
What parts of your body are made of protein?
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

20. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Enzymes
The protein responsible for carrying out the bodies chemical reactions are called enzymes.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

21. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The structure of proteins
A protein is a polymer composed of amino acids.
There are about 20 common amino acids. 12 can be made by the body. The rest must be consumed.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

22. Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds.
Dipeptide
Polypeptide

23. How can only 20 amino acids make the 1000’s of proteins necessary for the human body to function?

24. Proteins differ in the number and order of amino acids.
Amino acids interact to give a protein its shape.
hydrogen bond
Hemoglobin
Incorrect amino acids change a protein’s structure and function.
Teacher – cheater
Sobbing- robbing (1 change in 574 amino acids)

25. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The structure of nucleic acids
A nucleic (noo KLAY ihk) acid stores cellular information (genetics) in the form of a code.
Nucleic Acids will contain carbon, hydrogen, ________, __________ and ___________.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

26. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The structure of nucleic acids
Nucleotides are arranged in three groups—a nitrogenous base, a simple sugar, and a phosphate group.
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogenous base
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

27. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Can you think of any examples of nucleic acid in your body?
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

28. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
The structure of nucleic acids
DNA, which stands for deoxyribonucleic acid is a nucleic acid.
RNA, which stands for ribonucleic acid is also a nucleic acid.
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

29. 6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages 157-163
Nucleic acids vs. Proteins
The information coded in DNA contains the instructions used to form an organism
6.3 Section Summary 6.3 – pages

30. In which type of molecule will you find peptide bonds? (TX Obj 2; 4B)
A. carbohydrate
C. protein
B. lipid
D. fatty acid
Section 3 Check

31. What biomolecule is represented in this diagram? (TX Obj 2; 6A)
Phosphate
Sugar
Nitrogenous base
A. carbohydrate
C. protein
B. nucleotide
D. lipid
Section 3 Check