1. State and Local Government
Ch Guided Reading

2. 1. Which powers do the states alone have?
Set up local governments
Conduct elections
Set up public school systems
Oversee business
Traffic laws

3. 2. What current issues are examples of the “tug-of-war” for a stronger role between the state and national governments?
Marijuana
Gay Marriage
Gun Laws
Abortion Laws
Education

4. 3. Why have citizen legislators been replaced by professional legislators in most states?
Job became more complex
Growth of industry and cities = new government responsibilities
Time committment

5. 4. On what basis are seats in state legislatures apportioned?
Divided by district on the basis of equal representation (districts are roughly equal in population)

6. 5. Explain how the initiative and referendum allow citizens to participate in the lawmaking process.
Initiative- Citizens can propose state laws by gathering signatures on a petition
Referendum- When a law is proposed or passed by the state legislature then put to the people for a vote of approval or rejection

7. 6. Name two major sources of state revenue.
Taxes
Sales
Excise
Income
Federal Funds
Categorical Grants
Block Grants
Bonds, certificates, lotteries

8. 7. In what ways are the roles of the governor like those of the president?
Oversees the state executive branch
Enforces laws
Appoints officials
Manipulate public opinion to support legislation
Veto Bills
Pardon
Limited terms

9. 8. In what ways is the governor’s team of executive officials unlike the President’s cabinet?
State executive officials are voted into office, not selected

10. 9. What is the purpose of the state executive agencies?
To carry out the day-to-day work of the executive branch
Health
Education
Revenue
Natural Resources

11. 10. What is the basic structure of the state court systems?

12. 11. What is the Missouri Plan? Why was is used?
Process of selecting judges
Governor appoints judges based on a list of candidates prepared by judges, lawyers, and citizens
People vote “yes” or “no” in the next election
Good compromise between governor appointment and election.

13. 12. Why did the Supreme Court find for the citizens group rather than the mall owners in Pruneyard Shopping Center v. Robins?
California’s state constitution offered greater protections for free speech than the Federal Constitution

14. 1. Why were American colonies divided into counties?
To carry out laws in rural areas
Most farmers lived far apart
Keeps law and order on a smaller scale

15. 2. Describe the layout of a typical New England town.
Homes
Church
School
Farmland
Crops

16. 3. Why are special districts sometimes necessary?
If a single service is needed, like water to one particular region
Enables communities to collaborate instead of handling a problem on their own

17. 4. For what purpose was the council-manager plan created?
To run government like a business to eliminate potential for corruption

18. 5. How do local governments help provide for public education?
Elementary, middle, high school
2-year colleges
Decide courses
Build schools
Hire teachers
Money

19. 6. What are the major factors considered by people who plan land use in communities?
Zoning- where homes, industry, businesses, stores, restaurants, etc. should be
How people in the community will be impacted
Growth rate

20. 7. What are some ways that local governments help protect public safety?
Police officers
Firefighters
Building codes

21. 8. What are two ways by which a community might pay for a major project such as a new airport or new school?
Selling bonds
Grants

22. 9. What are some ways in which local governments compete and cooperate?
Cooperation
Councils of governments- designed to help local governments work together for the region
Pool funding to provide services
Community collaboration
Compete
Attract new business
Federal money

23. 10. In what ways do state and local governments cooperate and conflict?
Cooperation
Carry out state programs
Collaborative funding, education, health care, law enforcement, etc.
Conflict
State matter v. local matters

24. 11. Why do federal, state, and local governments often have to work together?
Many problems affect all levels of society
Law enforcement
Health
Education
Pollution