1. An exploration of temperament
Understanding you
An exploration of temperament
Corrie Adams, Program Officer
The Raymond John Wean Foundation
2017 Emerging Leader Program Opening Retreat
Friday, September 15

2. Or if my beliefs are different from yours, at least pause before
If you do not want what I want, please try not to tell me that my want is wrong.
Or if my beliefs are different from yours, at least pause before
you set out to correct them.
Or if my emotion seems less or more intense than yours, given the same circumstances, try not to ask me to feel other than I do.
Or if I act, or fail to act, in the manner of your design for action, please let me be.
I do not, for the moment at least, ask you to understand me.
That will come only when you are willing to give up trying to change me into a copy of you.
David Keirsey
Educational psychologist, David Keirsey, begins his groundbreaking 1978 book Please Understand Me with this quote. What is the message?

3. An Eternal Quest c. 450 – 320 BC Aristotle, Plato and Hippocrates
c. 190 A.D. Galen
Clearly recognizable patterns of behavior
Four Humors: Sanguine, Choleric, Melancholic, Phlegmatic
Early 1900s Sigmund Freud
People motivated by sexual desire
Id, Ego, Super Ego
1920 Carl Jung
Archetypes and collective unconscious
Past and future drive behavior
Since the start of recorded history it seems people have been trying to figure one another out. We want to know what makes people behave the way they do - more often then not so we can change or “fix” them so they will act in a way that is more acceptable to us. This quest has been taken by philosophers, physicians, astrologers, psychoanalysts, psychologists, educators, clergy, and social workers not to mention parents, spouses, friends and the media. If you’ll indulge me let’s take a look back to ancient Greece/Egypt/Mesopotamia circa 450 BC, the great minds of the era Aristotle, Plato and Hippocrates all wrote about clearly recognizable patterns of behavior. Hippocrates (Hippocratic Oath) wrote about his Four Humors Theory which we see here which had four different humors sanguine, choleric, melancholic and phlegmatic which grossly enough were based on the prevalence of particular bodily fluids. The four humors (without the bodily fluids and the idea that people were highly formed at birth with fundamentally different predispositions to act remained the prevailing belief until the late 1800’s early 1900’s when Freud shifted thinking to the idea that people were motivated solely by sexual desire and that through psychoanalysis people were malleable and could be shaped a former protégé/colleague of Freud’s, Carl Jung proposed the idea of archetypes that exist within the collective unconscious and reflect patterns. In 1962 Meyers & Briggs created the MBTO based on Jung’s archetypes.
1962 Isabel Meyers & Kathryn Briggs
Create MBTI to identify patterns of action
16 combos based on Jung’s archetypes
1978 David Keirsey
Introduces temperament theory

4. Personality Character Temperament Inclinations Pre-disposition
Hardware
Inborn
Character
Habits
Disposition
Software
Emergent
If you’ll recall I mentioned before you took the KTS that it would help you identify preferences but should not be construed as a label. Keirsey explains in Please Understand Me the idea of personality and it includes those genetically hardwired pre-dispositions to act a certain way over another but it also includes character which we can shape and develop over time by making choices, developing conscious patterns and learning. It really is a hybrid theory that offers explanations for natural preference while still offering the freedom to choose .

5. E/I – Where you focus your energy
Extraversion (9)
Introversion (5)
Outward
Sociable
Energized by being with others
Acts, then reflects
Likes variety & action
Likes to work with people
Impatient with long jobs
Inward
Territorial
Energized by pulling in
Reflects, then acts
Likes quiet & concentration
Works alone contentedly
Can work for a long time
Each scale indicates a preference for one behavior over another
Not intended to be individual labelshttps://youtu.be/RywKyMbA_cw

7. S/N – How you acquire information
Intuition (4)
Sensing (9)
Concrete
Here & now
Sequential thinking
Practical
See parts
Accepts face value
Grounded
Possibilities
Future
Takes leaps
Innovative
Sees whole
Looks for meaning
Visionary
Each scale indicates a preference for one behavior over another
Not intended to be individual labels

9. T/F – Value basis for decisions
Thinking (7)
Feeling (7)
Decides with head
Analytic, logical
Facts
Concern for justice
Removed, objective
Ideas
Decides with heart
Understanding
People, feelings
Concern for truth
Personal
Values
Each scale indicates a preference for one behavior over another
Not intended to be individual labels

11. J/P - Orientation toward the outer world
Judging (6)
Perceiving (7)
Ordered
Plan
Decide
Closure
Order & structure
Plans in advance
Life under control
Flexible, spontaneous
Experience
Explore, gather information
Open-ended
Freedom & Flow
Last minute
Life as it happens
Each scale indicates a preference for one behavior over another
Not intended to be individual labels

12. Cohort composition

13. The Guardians– SJ Common Characteristics
PROVIDER
ESFJ - 1
SUPERVISOR
ESTJ - 1
PROTECTOR
ISFJ - 0
INSPECTOR
ISTJ - 2
Common Characteristics
Dependable, helpful, and hard-working.
Loyal mates, responsible parents, and stabilizing leaders.
Dutiful, cautious, humble, and focused on credentials and traditions.
Concerned citizens who trust authority, join groups, seek security, prize gratitude, and dream of meting out justice.
Logistical style of leadership- everything in the proper place at the proper time, adhere to procedures and act within hierarchy.
Guardians® (SJs) are the cornerstone of society, for they are the temperament given to serving and preserving our most important social institutions. Guardians have natural talent in managing goods and services--from supervision to maintenance and supply -- and they use all their skills to keep things running smoothly in their families, communities, schools, churches, hospitals, and businesses.

14. The Artisans – SP Common Characteristics
PROMOTER
ESTJ - 2
PERFORMER
ESFP - 2
ISTP - 0
CRAFTER
COMPOSER
ISFP - 2
Common Characteristics
Fun-loving, optimistic, realistic, and focused on the here and now.
Unconventional, bold, and spontaneous.
Playful mates, creative parents, and troubleshooting leaders.
Excitable, trust their impulses, want to make a splash, seek stimulation, prize freedom, and dream of mastering action skills.
Tactical leadership style – use available resources, react quickly to changing circumstances and dislike red tape.
Artisans (SPs) are the temperament with a natural ability to excel in any of the arts, not only the fine arts such as painting and sculpting, or the performing arts such as music, theater, and dance, but also the athletic, military, political, mechanical, and industrial arts, as well as the "art of the deal" in business.

15. The Idealists – NF Common Characteristics
ENFJ - 1
TEACHER
CHAMPION
ENFP – 1
COUNSELOR
INFJ - 0
INFP - 0
HEALER
Common Characteristics
Enthusiastic, trust their intuition, yearn for romance, seek their true self, prize meaningful relationships, and dream of attaining wisdom.
Loving, kindhearted, and authentic.
Giving, trusting, spiritual, and they are focused on personal journeys and human potentials.
Intense mates, nurturing parents, and inspirational leaders.
Diplomatic leadership style – help others understand their value, keep groups working together efficiently and harmoniously.
Idealists (NFs), as a temperament, are passionately concerned with personal growth and development. Idealists strive to discover who they are and how they can become their best possible self -- always this quest for self-knowledge and self-improvement drives their imagination. And they want to help others make the journey. Idealists are naturally drawn to working with people, and whether in education or counseling, in social services or personnel work, in journalism or the ministry, they are gifted at helping others find their way in life, often inspiring them to grow as individuals and to fulfill their potentials.

16. The Rationals – NT Common Characteristics
FIELDMARSHAL
ENTJ - 0
ENTP - 1
INVENTOR
MASTERMIND
INTJ - 1
ARCHITECT
INTP - 1
Common Characteristics
Pragmatic, skeptical, self-contained, and focused on problem- solving and systems analysis.
Ingenious, independent, and strong willed.
Reasonable mates, individualizing parents, and strategic leaders.
Even-tempered, they trust logic, yearn for achievement, seek knowledge, prize technology, and dream of understanding how the world works.
Strategic leadership style – visionary, take long view, systems approach.
Rationals (NTs) are the problem solving temperament, particularly if the problem has to do with the many complex systems that make up the world around us. Rationals might tackle problems in organic systems such as plants and animals, or in mechanical systems such as railroads and computers, or in social systems such as families and companies and governments. But whatever systems fire their curiosity, Rationals will analyze them to understand how they work, so they can figure out how to make them work better.

17. Champion
Healer
Teacher
Counselor
Mastermind
Fieldmarshal
Inventor
Architect
Promoter
Crafter
Supervisor
Inspector
Provider
Protector
Performer
Composer

18. Applications
Understanding your temperament is a starting point for deeper self-awareness and emotional intelligence.
The KTS-II encourages you to develop your strengths and effectively manage your challenges which can help you be more fulfilled in personal and professional relationships.
Recognizing and appreciating the differences in those around us lays a foundation for increased understanding and respect in work and in life.

19. Let’s Talk What parts of the report resonate most with you?
What surprised you most about your results?
Are there any points with which you disagree?
How might your results might impact your work or relationships going forward?

20. MY INTP STORY