1. Accessibility Issues and User-Centered Design
Trey Duffy, Director, Disability Resource Center
Debie McArdle, Alternative Media Coordinator, DRC
Kathy Kimball, Information Technology Consultant

2. Definition
Universal design - The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation or specialized design.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

3.                                                                                                                                                                                            
                                                                                                                                                                                                                        
                                                                
never sacrifice style.
                                                                                                                                                       

5. Another recent development in public toilets is the "family restroom"
Another recent development in public toilets is the "family restroom". Family restrooms are unisex but unlike other unisex bathrooms that allow only one user at a time, the family restroom contains multiple stalls designed for maximum privacy and communal washing area for use by both genders. The family restroom is designed so that a parent with a young child of the opposite gender can bring the child into the restroom with them without the concerns associated with single-gender restrooms. Family restrooms have started appearing in newly-built sports stadiums, amusement parks, shopping malls, and major museums.

7. At Matsushita, we strive to achieve universal design in our products, instruction manuals, packaging, and catalogues, in line with the six basic elements of our universal design policy. We aim to improve overall satisfaction (usability) in terms of operability, efficiency, comfort, and convenience by adopting the customer's perspective right from the planning and development stage. In fiscal 2005, we launched a new system of collaboration with Matsushita Electric Works, and together we are continuing to made advances in the field of universal design.

9. This Walker Dialogue voice carry-over phone allows users to speak
to callers while reading their words on a built-in screen.

10. Cars have had “keyless” locking systems for decades, Why not have them
for doors at home?
Cars have had "keyless" locking systems for decades, and I think it's about time this technology was transferred to entry doors in our homes.

11. What a simple idea: as you enter
Motion Detection
Lighting
What a simple idea: as you enter a space or environment the lights automatically go on.
What a simple idea: as you enter
a space or environment the lights automatically go on.

12. Adjustable keyboard platform

13. Lever Door Handles

14. Aeron Chiar: What a simple thought: design a chair with every feature
You might need that comes in small, medium or large
What a simple thought: design a chair with every feature you might need that comes in small, medium or large

15. FIGURE 2-6 Universal design principles versus performance criteria.
selection for acoustic privacy).
TOWARD UNIVERSAL DESIGN EVALUATION
The book Building Evaluation Techniques (Baird et al., 1996) showcased a variety of building evaluation techniques, many of which would lend themselves to adaptation for purposes of UDE. In that same volume, this author (Preiser, 1996) presented a chapter on a three-day POE training workshop and prototype testing module, which involved both the facility planners and designers and the building occupants (after one year of occupancy), a formula that has proven to be very effective in generating useful performance feedback data. A proposed UDE process model is shown in Figure 2-7.
Major benefits and uses are well known and include, when applied to UDE, the following:
Identify problems and develop universal design solutions.
Learn about the impact of practice on universal design and on building occupants in general.
Develop guidelines for enhanced universal design concepts and features in buildings, urban infrastructure, and systems.
Create greater awareness in the public of successes and failures in universal design.
It is critical to formalize and document, in the form of qualitative criteria and quantitative guidelines and standards, the expected performance of facilities in terms of universal design. q

16. PRINCIPLE ONE Equitable Use
The design is useful and marketable to people with diverse abilities.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

17. PRINCIPLE TWO Flexibility in Use
The design accommodates a wide range of individual preferences and abilities.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

18. PRINCIPLE THREE Simple and Intuitive Use
Use of the design is easy to understand, regardless of the user's experience, knowledge, language skills, or current concentration level.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

19. PRINCIPLE FOUR Perceptible Information
The design communicates necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of ambient conditions or the user's sensory abilities.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

20. PRINCIPLE FIVE Tolerance for Error
The design minimizes hazards and the adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

21. PRINCIPLE SIX Low Physical Effort
The design can be used efficiently and comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

22. PRINCIPLE SEVEN Size and Space for Approach and Use
Appropriate size and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and use regardless of user's body size, posture, or mobility.
© Copyright 1997 NC State University, The Center for Universal Design

23. Universal Design for Learning
Design of flexible instructional materials and activities that allow the learning goals to be achievable by those with differences in their abilities and learning styles.
Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST)

24. Learning Material Accessibility & Availability
The creation and production of academic materials for universal access by students of all learning styles through digital, audio, and enlarged print media while accommodating a diversity of access methods
Center for Applied Special Technology (CAST)

25. Universal design vs. Assistive technology
The design of products and environments to be usable by all people, to the greatest extent possible, without adaptation or specialized design.
Assistive technology
Any item, piece of equipment, that is used to maintain or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.

26. Universal design vs. Assistive technology
technologies
person
Universal design
person
technologies
Assistive technology

27. Legal Requirements Federal California
Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (w/ amendments 1998)
Section 504: No exclusion from or discrimination in academic program or activity
Section 508: Electronic information must be accessible to people with Disabilities
Americans with Disabilities Act (1990)
Requires communications be as effective as with others
California
Senate Bill 302 (January 2004)
Requires that the CSU comply with the accessibility requirements of the federal Rehabilitation Act of 1973 and its implementing regulations.

28. CSU Executive Order 926 Purpose Applies to
Documents system-wide policies for the disability support and accommodation program
Stimulate monitoring and full compliance
Published January 1, 2005
Applies to
CSU campuses and the Office of the Chancellor, all academic programs and services

29. CSU Accessible Technology Initiative (ATI)
Workplan for EO 926
Published September 28, 2006
Three priorities
Web Accessibility
Instructional Materials Accessibility
Accessible Electronic and Information Technology (E&IT) Procurement

30. What is Web Accessibility?
Access to people with vision, hearing and motor impairments
Also includes those with color blindness, cognitive and developmental limitations
Involves creating Web pages that facilitate assistive technologies
Screen Readers (JAWS, Window Eyes)
Alternative input devices/approaches
Text enlargers (Zoom Text)

31. What is the Problem?
Many Web sites use design techniques, scripts, images and graphics in ways that make the content inaccessible or difficult to use
Images without alt tags
Complex navigation
Content presented as graphics without text version such as Flash, PDF’s
Video and audio clips without captions or transcripts

32. Web Accessibility Examples
Screen reader example
Video

33. Why is Web Accessibility Important?
Insures Web information and services are available to people with disabilities
Insures Web information available to the broadest audience

34. Basic Tips for Web Design
For Visual Impairments
Avoid low contrast graphics
Don’t require the ability to see color
Avoid “Click the green button.”
Be careful with the use of green and red
Don’t force the font, size, or color of text
Use a style sheet which can be turned off
Be sure forms can be navigated with the Tab key
Avoid entry boxes that require a mouse click

35. Basic Tips for Web Design
For Visual Impairments
Alt tags for every image/graphic
Provide redundant text links for image maps and drop-down menus
Provide a “Skip to Content” link
Create accessible PDF documents

36. Basic Tips for Web Design
For Motor Impairments
Be sure links are obvious Cal Poly Home Page
Alt text needs to match text on buttons
Provide redundant text links for drop-down menus
Avoid small buttons and link text

37. Basic Tips for Web Design
For Hearing Impairments
Caption video clips
Provide a transcript for audio clips

38. Guidelines and Standards
Section 508
Section 508 Explanation
Web Accessibility Initiative
Accessibility and Information Resources:

39. Tips and Techniques WebAim Techniques and Tools
Techniques and Tools
Accessibility Techniques
Creating Accessible Adobe PDF Files

40. Website Assessment Tools
WebAIM’s WAVE 3.5 (development version)
Great single page testing tool
HiSoftware’s AccVerify
Download from the Cal Poly Portal
Technology Tab
Software Download Channel

41. Web Browser Developer Tools
Firefox
Internet Explorer