1. WAN Connections

2. Packet Tracer Lab – VLSM

3. Objective Create a simulated network topology using Packet Tracer
Design an IP addressing scheme using a Class B subnetwork address and VLSM
Apply IP addresses to the routers and workstations in the simulation
Test the simulated topology to verify IP connectivity

4. Background / Preparation
You are responsible for designing a network that connects 3 geographically separated sites, each with its own LAN, to the corporate headquarters for access to the Web Server. The connection will be made through a Cloud representing an ISP / Internet network connection at each site. You will configure IP addresses to the border routers represented by the cloud. The service provider has assigned a portion of a class B network address (1,024 addresses) to work with and must make the best use of the address space while minimizing wasted addresses. To accomplish this you will develop an IP addressing scheme using Variable Length Subnet Masks (VLSM) to allocate IP addresses to the LANs and WAN links in the network. You will apply the addresses to the routers and workstations in the simulated network and then test to ensure that it works.

5. Cont….
Routers simulated with Packet Tracer use RIP version 2 to find routes to remote networks automatically. A router advertises all networks that its ports belong to, which is specified by the IP address and subnet mask. RIP version 2 supports VLSM. RIP keeps a routing table of remote networks. The routing table associates a network (network ID and subnet mask or network bits) to the port that is closest to the network. A router can have one default port.
A Cloud simulated with Packet Tracer has multiple borders. Each border is a WAN port that has an IP address. The cloud provides the DCE clocking for each of its border interfaces by default. A cloud does not have a default port. All other cloud functions are identical to router functions.

6. Step 1. Design an IP Addressing Scheme Using VLSM
Starting with the Class B subnetwork address of /22, create subnets to allocate IP addresses to the Ethernet LANs and WAN links in the network topology shown above. The requirements for the number of addresses are listed in the table below. Use VLSM to minimize wasted IP addresses. Assume ip subnet-zero is enabled and that the first subnet (all zeros) and last subnet (all ones) can be used.

7. Cont….
As a general rule it is best to first allocate subnets to the networks with the largest number of required addresses starting from the lowest subnet number and working up. Ethernet networks will require more IP addresses than WAN links. Be sure to minimize the number of addresses used on the WAN links and allocate WAN subnets starting at the highest subnet. Document your VLSM subnet design using the table below. You will use these subnet address ranges to assign interface addresses to the routers and workstations in the scenario.

9. Step 2. Create the Basic Topology
Open the Packet Tracer application to begin creating the simulated topology. The topology consists of 4 routers interconnected through the cloud by WAN serial links. A single workstation on each LAN represents the group of IP addresses required as indicated in the table in step 1. The connection between the workstations and routers is assumed to be a switch or hub.
Place the routers in the topology and rename a router From the Topology Tab, click and drag a Router icon to the workspace and click again to paste it in position. Repeat this until the four routers shown in the diagram are present. You may also double click the router icon and then click 4 times to paste multiple icons in the workspace. Click the Cancel icon in the lower right corner when finished or to abort an operation. The four routers are initially named Router 0, Router 1, Router 2 and Router 3. Click on Router 3 and Change the name to Corp.

10. Place the workstations in the topology and rename a PC From the Topology Tab, click and drag a PC icon to the workspace and click to paste it in position. Repeat this until the four PCs shown in the diagram are present. You may also double click the PC icon and then click 4 times to paste multiple icons in the workspace. Click the Cancel icon in the lower right corner when finished. The four PCs are initially named PC 0, PC 1, PC 2 and PC 3. Change the name of PC 3 to Web Server. When a PC is directly connected to a router in Packet Tracer, as shown in the diagram, the existence of a hub or switch is assumed.

11. Step 3. Connect the Networking Devices
Note: By default, each Packet Tracer router has 4 Ethernet and 2 Serial ports numbered as shown in the figure below. Ports 0 and 1 are RJ-45 Fast Ethernet, ports 2 and 3 are D-Connector type Serial and ports 4 and 5 are Fiber Fast Ethernet. In the figure below Serial Port 2 is selected with the Port Config options displayed. This port is enabled (status=on or not shut down), bandwidth is Mbps and DCE clocking is disabled. In the example below, an IP address and subnet mask have been entered. Ports can be added or removed as desired.

13. Create the WAN Links Click on the Connect lightning bolt icon to create the WAN Link between router 0 and the Cloud. When the Connect icon is selected in Simple Mode it does not prompt for the connection type and it is not necessary to select the port to use. For router-to-router connections, the next available Ethernet port is used by default. For router-to-cloud connections the default is the next available Serial port. Repeat this process for the WAN connection to the Cloud for Routers 1, 2 and Corp. It is not necessary to set the clock for any of the routers since the cloud interfaces already default to DCE.

14. Create the LAN Links While in Simple Mode, click on the Connect lightning bolt icon. Select first Router 0 and then PC 0 to create the LAN Link between them. Repeat this process for the other routers and PCs. The Interface status indicator dots between routers and PCs should all be green. The existence of a hub or switch between a router and PC is assumed.

15. Step 4. Configure IP Addresses on the Routers and Workstations
Assign Router and Cloud IP Addresses Select Router 0 and click on Ethernet Port 0. Enter an IP Address and subnet mask for the LAN interface from the VLSM subnet scheme developed in step 1. Next select Serial Interface 2 and enter an IP Address and subnet mask for the WAN interface. Repeat this process to assign IP addresses and subnet masks as appropriate for the LAN and WAN interfaces of the other three routers. Assign IP addresses and subnet masks to the four cloud ports. Use the table below to record your IP addresses for the router and cloud interfaces.

17. Assign Workstation IP Addresses Select PC 0
Assign Workstation IP Addresses Select PC 0. Ethernet Port 0 should be the only port available. Enter an IP Address and subnet mask for the PC from the VLSM subnet scheme developed in step 1. Next enter the IP address of the Gateway. This is the IP address of the Router 0 Ethernet LAN interface. Repeat this process to assign IP addresses, subnet masks and gateways as appropriate for the other PCs.

18. Frame Relay
Frame Relay is a layer two protocol that connects networks over long distances.

19. This part is different from the real world because in the real world you'd just be given a DLCI number and be on your marry way. We are fortunate enough today to be able to configure the cloud as well. To do so follow the below steps.
A.) Drag a WAN Emulation onto the topology  B.) Click on the Cloud icon & select the Config tab
The next few steps show in detail how to configure the connections and DLCI numbers.

20. A. ) Select the Serial 0 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started
A.) Select the Serial 0 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.  B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R0 to R1 connection  C.) Type 102 for the DLC and R0-R1 for the Name and click Add
Since R0 is the Hub router we need to create another DLCI for R2
A.) Select the Serial 0 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.  B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R0 to R2 connection  C.) Type 103 for the DLC and R0-R2 for the Name and click Add

21. A. ) Select the Serial 1 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started
A.) Select the Serial 1 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.  B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R1 to R0 connection  C.) Type 201 for the DLC and R1-R0 for the Name and click Add

22. A. ) Select the Serial 2 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started
A.) Select the Serial 2 on the Config tab of the Cloud to get started.  B.) Next Create the DLCI for the R2 to R0 connection  C.) Type 301 for the DLC and R2-R0 for the Name and click Add

23. Now we'll make all the DLCI connections in the cloud so it knows where to route traffic to based on the DLCI IDs.
A.) Select the Frame Relay in the left panel  B.) For the first connection set the following  Serial0 R0-R1 Serial1 R1-R0 and click Add  C.) Next set R2s connection  Serial0 R0-R2 Serial2 R2-R0 and click Add

24. R0 Config for being the HUB
Say no to auto configuration
Router>enable  Router#configure terminal  Router(config)#hostname R0  R0(config)#interface Serial 2/0  R0(config-if)#no shutdown  R0(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay  R0(config-if)#exit  R0(config)#interface Serial 2/0.102 point-to-point  R0(config-subif)#ip address   R0(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 102  R0(config-subif)#exit  R0(config)#interface Serial 2/0.103 point-to-point  R0(config-subif)#ip address   R0(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 103

25. Say no to auto configuration
Router>enable  Router#configure terminal  Router(config)#hostname R1  R1(config)#interface Serial 2/0  R1(config-if)#no shutdown  R1(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay  R1(config-if)#exit  R1(config)#interface Serial 2/0.201 point-to-point  R1(config-subif)#ip address   R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface  R1(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 201

26. Say no to auto configuration
Router>enable  Router#configure terminal  Router(config)#hostname R2  R2(config)#interface Serial 2/0  R2(config-if)#no shutdown  R2(config-if)#encapsulation frame-relay  R2(config-if)#exit  R2(config)#interface Serial 2/0.301 point-to-point  R2(config-subif)#ip address   R2(config-subif)#frame-relay interface-dlci 301

27. Add Static Routes Router1
R1(config)#ip route
Router2
R2(config)#ip route

28. Step 5. Test the IP Addressing VLSM Scheme
Click on the Simulation Tab and click on the Add Packet button which has a Plus (+) sign and a small envelope next to it. A packet will display on the timeline that says “defining” next to it.
Click on source PC 0 and then click on the destination Web Server. The timeline window should show a colored packet with “PC 0 >> Web Server” next to it.
Click on the blue right arrow button in the white square of the player controls shown in the figure above to simulate a ping. This will send the packet from PC 0 to the Web Server and test IP connectivity. The packet should pass through all devices in the path and reach the Web Server. A green check mark will display on the Web Server if the ping is successful.

29. To complete the testing, click on the Add Packet icon again and test connectivity from PC 1 to the Web Server. Add a third packet and test from PC 2 to the Web Server. Each new packet will be assigned a different color. Also send packets from PC 0 to PC 1 and PC 2. Click on the New button if you wish to start a new series of packets.
If the pings are not successful, troubleshoot the IP addressing scheme and addresses/subnet masks assigned to ensure that they are compatible.