1. Dynamic Lightpaths in R&E Networks
July 17, 2007
Jeff Verrant

2. Agenda
What is a Dynamic Light Path? And Why?
Technology Requirements

3. The following slides describe, at a very high level, how Dynamic Services, works. Coordination across networks is critical. The advanced R&E networking infrastructure in the US can be thought of having three geographic scales, all of which need to work together to provide the community the capabilities it requires.

4. In addition to the national infrastructures, there are the regional or state-based networks--represented here in the abstract by yellow ovals.

5. ..and the campus infrastructures--represented here by gray ovals--including those that provide connectivity to unique scientific instruments, such as radio telescopes.

6. Today, there the network infrastructure that serves these is Internet Protocol based, represented here by yellow lines, and blue router nodes.

7. But the community is also developing services that provide dynamic circuit (or “DCS”) networking capabilities. Those capabilities are being built into the new Internet2 network. In effect, this is a dedicated infrastructure parallel to the “traditional” Internet2 high-performance IP service infrastructure, built on the same fiber footprint.

8. Similarly, regional and campus networks--which have already made great progress in acquiring dedicated optical infrastructures--are expected to deploy infrastructures that extends the dynamic circuit services to the endopints that require them--here illustrated as a radio telescope and a computing resources needed to process the data produced by the radio telescope.
The IP infrastructure is used to signal the dynamic circuit service infrastructure to set up dedicated channel. The channel can be made on demand or in advance, the circuit can last for minutes or weeks, and can be from 100 megabits per second and 10 gigabits per second.

11. A New Networking Model
About a year and a half ago, some of the leading thinkers in advanced networking built a model for thinking about the networking needs these advanced applications have. One way to look at this is as this century’s version of the classic 7-layer OSI networking model. We call it the 3-D networking model. It describes the different kinds of networking services in terms of reliability along one axis, duration along another, and the classic OSI model layers 1-3 along the third.

12. A New Networking Model

13. A New Networking Model
So a particular service might be long-term, reliable, and IP-based. In fact, this is what we think of today as the high-performance Internet backbones that serve most of the leading-edge R&E networking community. But with the optical-fiber based infrastructures the community is deploying, we also have the opportunity to provide short-term, wavelength-based experimental services, which might be just the thing for an impromptu network research project. And, of course, ideally we’d be able to provide anything in between.

14. Layers : Dynamic Connections are not just wavelengths
Layer 1 : Wavelength Switching
Map an application directly onto a 10G wavelength
Dynamically provision and switch the lightpath
Layer 2 : vlan / ethernet – gfp – vcg / sonet ( OTN )
50M – 10G, increments of 50M
Apply push / pop vlan switching
No stranded bandwidth
Dynamic provisioning, dynamic sizing
Layer : MPLS / ip switching

15. Wavelength Switching Any channel from any node, to any node
Remote provisioning of wavelength route
Simplifies maintenance activities
Improve stability, reliability and traceability by removing “fingers” from the network
Accelerates rollout velocity
Quickly re-route existing service
Simplifies network planning
No stranded wavelengths
Safegaurds upgrade capacity
Extends life of network
Limited need for accurate node-by-node capacity projections
OpEx and CapEx savings

16. Layers : Dynamic Connections are not just wavelengths
Layer 1 : Wavelength Switching
Map an application directly onto a 10G wavelength
Dynamically provision and switch the lightpath
Layer 2 : vlan / ethernet – gfp – vcg / sonet ( OTN )
50M – 10G, increments of 50M
Apply push / pop vlan switching
No stranded bandwidth
Dynamic provisioning, dynamic sizing
Layer : MPLS / ip switching

17. Research Networks The Need for Flexible Lightpaths
Connectivity Requirements
Guaranteed Deterministic Bandwidth (10s Mbps – 10Gbps+)
Scheduled-Demand Bandwidth; Hours, Days, Weeks
Low Latency
Data Replication
Multi-site correlation
High Availability
Mulitple Communities of Interest
200Mb
10Mb
500Mb
1Gb (FC)
10Gb
SDH / IP/ Ethernet
Scarce Resources
Data Collection
Data Crunching
Data Storage

18. Globalisation is a Reality
Global, Multi-Domain Connectivity
Service definition across Protocol boundaries
Service Creation across domains
Network Element Interworking functions
200Mb
10Mb
10Gb
SDH
SONET
MPLS
Data Collection
Data Crunching
Data Storage

19. Internet2 Dynamic Circuit Services (DCS)
Image Slide
I2 HOPI: Force10 E600
I2 DCS: Ciena CoreDirector
10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet
10 Gigabit Ethernet
1 Gigabit Ethernet
OC192 SONET/SDH
1 Gigabit Ethernet
or SONET/SDH

20. Integration : Core Director Domain into the End-to-End Signaling
VLSR uni-subnet
LSR
upstream
LSR
downstream
signaling flow
uni, tl1
uni, tl1
data flow
Ciena Region
CD_a
subnet signaling flow
CD_z
Signaling is performed in contiguous mode.
Single RSVP signaling session (main session) for end-to-end circuit.
Subnet path is created via a separate RSVP-UNI session (subnet session), similar to using SNMP/CLI to create VLAN on an Ethernet switch.
The simplest case: one VLSR covers the whole UNI subnet.
VLSR is both the source and destination UNI clients.
This VLSR is control-plane ‘home VLSR’ for both CD_a and CD_z.
UNI client is implemented as embedded module using KOM-RSVP API.

21. Graphical User Interface
Monitoring and Control
Ciena Core Director
“NodeManager”
Timeslot Map
Network Utilization Monitor

22. Optical Transport Network (OTN)
ITU Standards G.709 “Digital Wrapper”, G.872, G.873.1
Defines line/muxing rates, Optical Transport Unit (OTU)
ODU-1/2/3 payload in OTU-1/2/3 = 2.5/2.7Gbps, 10/10.7Gbps, 40/43.0Gbps
OTU-2 supports 10GbE LAN PHY (Extensions to include Preamble, Over-clocked for IFG)
OTN & SONET/SDH share same foundation
Similar framing with addition of OTN FEC
Powerful OA&M capabilities (GCC0 akin to DCC)
Asynchronous and Transparent
Services with different clock sources integrated side-by-side
Secure; Client OAM channels maintained
Traffic Payload
FAS: Frame Alignment Signal
OTU: Optical Transport Unit
ODU: Optical Data Unit
OPU: Optical Payload Unit
Overhead
for
OA&M
Forward
Error
Correction

23. Evolution of the Client-Server NetworkIP
Alien
Wavelengths FC
ESCON
SONET/SDH is Managed Transport “Server” layer for existing service “clients” IP
TDM
Voice PL
ATM
SONET
/SDH
Ethernet IP
IP builds over WDM
… so does Ethernet
WDM
OTN
OTN provides the necessary Managed Transparent Service for all Transport Clients
… and ESCON, FC, l services
WDM is now an unmanaged network “Server” to many transport “Clients” (which now includes SONET/SDH)
WDM augments SONET/SDH capacity
Animated Slide

24. Emergence of Connection Oriented Ethernet
WDM
Alien
Wavelengths FC
ESCON IP
COE*
Ethernet
TDM
Voice PL
ATM
SONET
/SDH
OTN
Driven by Demand for packet focused replacement of SDH
Robust as SDH
Less Complex than MPLS
Less Costly than either
Connection oriented for deterministic B/W
Disable MAC learning, Broadcast Unknown, STP
Explicit Paths and CAC for guaranteed QoS and Restoration
High Availability
Transparent L2 Aggregation
Mux Efficiency
*COE: Connection-oriented Ethernet

25. Thank You!