1. Study Points
Explain why the Moon exhibits phases. Draw the Sun-Earth-Moon system showing the Moon’s orbit (not to scale), draw Moon in 8 different positions in its orbit and shade in Earth and Moon indicating which side is lit and which is dark. Use that drawing to explain what phase you will see for each of the Moon’s locations you drew.
Predict the approximate time of day/night you should look for first quarter moon, full moon, last quarter moon. Explain your thinking using a sketch of the Earth-Moon-Sun system.
Knowing when new Moon occurs, predict about when first quarter, full, and last quarter Moons will occur. Know about how many days are in between the phases.
Explain why the Sun, Moon and stars appear to rise in the east and set in the west. Explain why we have day and night using a sketch of Sun-Earth-Moon system to help.
In one hour, the Moon, Sun, and stars move about how many degrees on the sky? How can you easily calculate that number (hint: how far does the Earth rotate in 24 hours)?
In one day, the Moon moves about how many degrees on the sky? How can you easily calculate that number (hint: about through how many degrees does Moon revolve in 30 days)?
What direction does the Moon move from one night to the next? Explain?
What is a mare?
What causes craters, especially on the Moon?
What is the Moon’s terminator?
Explain how astronomers think the Moon formed and give evidence.
Explain why you always see the same face of the Moon.
What causes a solar eclipse? What causes a lunar eclipse?
Use the terms rotation and revolution correctly. Know their definitions.
DEMONSTRATION MATERIALS: Curtain, Earth globe, Tennis ball and stand, Sun lamp, Orrery, Starry Night, Solar System Simulator, Styro Moons, Notecards for survey
HANDOUTS: Moon Phases Observation

2. Cycles of the Sky: Part 1 Moon

3. Moon Terminology Terminator – line between light and dark Craters
Mare/Maria (mar-e-ah)
Phases
Rotation (spin)
Revolution (orbit)
Terminator – line between light and darkness on Moon
Craters – indentations caused by a meteorite/asteroid (on the Moon in this case), no atmosphere to slow them down or burn them up and nothing to cover them up over time
Maria – large, basaltic plains caused by volcanic eruptions, looked like oceans (Latin for seas), lowlands
Lunar Highlands – Lighter surface, older and more cratered than newer maria
Mare – oceans on Moon, low lying dark areas, why dark? More basalt from lava flows
Phases – changing shape of the lit Moon that is visible to us on Earth
Rotation – rotates on axis
Revolution – revolves around another body
Moon Observation Projects:
Moon Phases (starts today)
Moon Craters (last week)

4. Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not
Most motion is CCW in space; ask about Earth and Moon rotation and revolution

5. Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not
Earth rotates and revolves in the counterclockwise direction
Moon rotates and revolves in the counterclockwise direction
Most motion is CCW in space

6. Moon’s Motion
You decide to watch our moon for a few hours one night. Which way does it move in the sky?
1. Toward the east
2. Toward the west
(Show on Starry Night)
Toward west, same as sun
Rises in the east, Sets in the west
Next full moon on 9/16/16

7. Moon’s Motion
You decide to watch our moon for a few hours one night. Which way does it move in the sky?
1. Toward the east
2. Toward the west
(Show on Starry Night)
Rises in the East and Sets in the West
Toward west, same as sun
Rises in the east, Sets in the west
Next full moon on 9/16/16

8. What is moving? 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Both What is moving that predominantly causes the motion you just saw? 3. Sun moves
3 and then 2

9. What is moving? 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Both What is moving that predominantly causes the motion you just saw? 3. Sun moves
3 and then 2

10. About how long does Earth take to spin (rotate) once? 1. ~1 hour
2. ~1 day
3. ~1 month
4. ~1 year
2. 1 day

11. About how long does Earth take to spin (rotate) once? 1. ~1 hour
2. ~1 day
3. ~1 month
4. ~1 year
2. 1 day

12. About how long does our Moon take to orbit (revolve) once around Earth?
1. ~1 hour
2. ~1 day
3. ~1 month
4. ~1 year
3. 1 month

13. About how long does our Moon take to orbit (revolve) once around Earth?
1. ~1 hour
2. ~1 day
3. ~1 month
4. ~1 year
3. 1 month

14. Which way does Moon revolve (orbit)?
1. Same direction that Earth spins
2. Opposite direction that Earth spins
View from space with Solar System Simulator
Draw it
You can try your own Solar System Simulator here:
Same
Drag with right mouse to zoom

15. Which way does Moon revolve (orbit)?
1. Same direction that Earth spins = CCW
2. Opposite direction that Earth spins
View from space with Solar System Simulator
Draw it
You can try your own Solar System Simulator here:
Same
Drag with right mouse to zoom

16. If you watch Moon for a few hours, which motion dominates?
1. Moon’s motion due Earth’s spin (rotation)
2. Moon’s motion due to its own orbit around Earth (revolution)
(Draw it) 1.

17. If you watch Moon for a few hours, which motion dominates?
1. Moon’s motion due Earth’s spin (rotation)
2. Moon’s motion due to its own orbit around Earth (revolution)
(Draw it) 1.

18. If you note Moon’s position from one hour to the next, predict if it will move
1. East to west
2. West to east
If you note Moon’s position from one night to the next, predict if it will move
Starry Night for both
1 and then 2

19. If you note Moon’s position from one hour to the next, predict if it will move
1. East to west
2. West to east
If you note Moon’s position from one night to the next, predict if it will move
Starry Night for both
1 and then 2

20. Moon’s Motion Conclusion
Minute to minute the Sun, Moon, stars appear to rise in east and set in west due to Earth’s spin (rotation).
Day to day, Moon moves west to east due to Moon’s orbit (revolution) around Earth

21. How much does our Moon move each day?
Add degrees to drawing
Drawing on board of Moon around Earth
About 12 degrees per day: 360/30 days ~ 12deg
Moon rises about 50 minutes later each day

22. How much does our Moon move each day?
About 12 degrees per day (~10 deg/day)
Moon rises later each day
Add degrees to drawing
About 12 degrees per day: 360/30 days ~ 12deg
Moon rises about 50 minutes later each day

23. 8 Moon Phases What we see from Earth… New Waxing Crescent
First Quarter
Waxing Gibbous
Full
Waning Gibbous
Last Quarter
Waning Crescent
What we see from Earth…

24. Moon Phases What we see from space… Orerry with light
Handout styrofoam moons and setup sunlamp in front of room facing students. Turn lights off and make sure curtain is on windows.
Orerry with light

25. Moon Phases Demonstration
Lamp in front of the room acts as the Sun
Each student holds a Moon
Try to see phases of the Moon as seen from Earth

26. Moon Phases – Notice the Sun Changed
Handout Moon Phases
Orerry with light

27. Moon Phases
Drawing/explanation of Phases and Moon location in orbit around Earth Observing Project: Moon Phases
Handout Moon Phases

28. Moon Phases Observation
From Aug. 31 to Oct. 12 complete
Record phases and location of the Moon over 4 separate dates. Observe 4 different phases of the Moon. There are 8 phases of the Moon over ~28 days.
Class website has more details in Moon Phases observation file.
Turn in the Moon Phases Observation sheet or take a picture of it and it to the instructor.
If you it from your school , then you will receive your grade by , otherwise view grade on class website.
Show grades

29. Full Moon/Horizon illusion
Full Moon/Horizon illusion. Super Moon is only 10% larger at perigee than apogee
Pass out scratch paper for survey

30. http://antwrp. gsfc. nasa. gov/apod/image/0505/lighthouse_landolfi_big

31. Does the Moon rotate?
We pretty much always see the same side of Moon. There is no dark side of the Moon because all of it gets lit by the sun at some point.

32. Does the Moon rotate?
Yes, its rotation keeps the same side of the Moon always facing Earth
Tidal Locking video demo:
Moon’s libration
We pretty much always see the same side of Moon. There is no dark side of the Moon because all of it gets lit by the sun at some point.
Handout scratch paper to record and turn in with names

33. Earth’s Moon

34. Moon Phases Survey Use scratch paper Write full name
6 multiple choice questions

35. Moon Phases Survey Top view Not to scale Five positions of Moon Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

36. 1. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

37. 2. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

38. 3. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon
3. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

39. 4. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon
4. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

40. 5. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon
5. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E
Moon images from

41. 6. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way?
As Moon orbits Earth, Earth’s shadow covers Moon.
Clouds block part of Moon from our view.
c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of Moon’s sunlit side.

42. Moon Survey Answers

43. 1. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

44. 2. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon’s surface?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface.
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

45. 3. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon
3. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

46. 4. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon
4. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E

47. 5. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon
5. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase?
Sun
Earth
Sunlight
NOT TO SCALE
Moon’s Orbit A B C D E
Moon images from

48. As Moon orbits Earth, Earth’s shadow covers Moon.
6. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way?
As Moon orbits Earth, Earth’s shadow covers Moon.
Clouds block part of Moon from our view.
c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of Moon’s sunlit side.
Hand them to your left and I will collect them

49. Homework
Make flashcards or write out your answers to the study points covered to this point (4 lectures).
Complete Earth-Sun Scale Model. Due Sep. 5 by midnight (11:59pm).
Plan how and when you will observe the Moon so you can do the Moon Phases Observation.
Plan how and when you will complete Star Gazing, Telescopes, & Moon Craters
D2L Quizzes 1 & 2
View grades on class website