1. Module 7-section2* 50 points
Potential Climate Impacts
By CA-07 Class
* Module 7 - section1 is the sources of global temperature measurements section that I did in the class.

2. Global Warming Temperature of the Earth Increasing!
Global Warming is not Uniform.
Why?

3. Ice-Albedeo Feedback
Ice-Albedo feedback : high latitude warmer than the low latitude (3-5 0C)
However, permafrost is just a little bit different.
Permafrost = frozen soil.
When it melts, it becomes an active zone.
The water and heat from these active zones can become so strong that it could make holes in frozen lakes, causing more global warming.

4. Green house gases
Warming is more intense in cold parts of earths surface
Land is hotter than water because water evaporates and carries heat away
Green house heat waves are very intense. In Europe 2003, 35k people were killed.

5. Emergent Effects
Changes in global temp. rearranges weather patterns and water supply
A warmer world would increase rainfall, buy would not be efficiently distributed.

6. Hadley Circulation
The equator heats up causing water vapor to rise and form rain clouds
As the water vapor warms it causes rainfall at the equator and drought in the subtropics (30 degrees North or South)

7. Higher latitude storms
Global warming will cause the ice sheets to melt pushing massive amounts of water vapor into the air.
The increase in temp will create massive storms due to the high temp and water vapor being pushed into the air.

8. Monsoons Monsoons are driven by temperature difference
Different temperatures drive the winds to blow in different ways that dump the water as rainfall.
Monsoons are sensitive to change in temperature that drive them and make them stronger that tend to vary year to year.

9. Droughts Continental interiors are expected to dry out.
Areas on earth that are dry today, are expected to get drier; increasing likelihood of drought.
Droughts are driven by changes in the water cycle.
Drought is probably a more significant danger to agriculture than heat alone.
American southwest, Mediterranean, and Australia are already undergoing drought conditions.

10. Plants Transpiration
Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plants leaves.
Water is necessary for plants, but only small amount, which is taken up by the roots is used for growth and metabolism.

11. Glaciers Are melting during summer, this increases the sea level.
Creates social problems- water supply.

12. Water Vapor Warmer air equals more water vapor
More water vapor equals more energy
More energy equals more rain
Stronger storms as a result of this

13. Tropical cyclones
Hurricanes may get more intense and prevalent in a warmer world.( a warmer world would be stormier)
Every year there are about 90 tropical storms, 40 of them become cyclones.
Storms grow from combinations of winds and pressures which is serve as seeds for storm.
The seeds of storm are determined by the structure of winds in the air, whether they blow in the same directions or in different directions at different altitudes.

14. Hurricanes
Hurricanes draw their power from water vapor and warm air over oceans
They will not form if the Surface Sea Temperature is below 26 degrees Celsius
Their birth and growth is affected by subtleties in the atmosphere and oceans
A warmer world would lead to more frequent and more powerful hurricanes
Cyclones gain power from high winds drawing cold water from the ocean and warm air together

15. Storm surge Storm surge equals a rise in sea level
Low pressure in the center of the storm pulls water up
Winds blow water up in a pile
New Orleans was flooded because of this

16. Ice and Sea Level Why does the sea level rise?
-Thermal expansion: when water gets warmer it expands
- Land ice melting (sea ice, glaciers, mice sheets, ice shelves)

17. Ice and Sea Level
Archimedes’ Principle- ice already in sea does not raise sea levels, it displaces its own weight in the water. Ice on land increases sea levels
Greenland and Antarctica ice sheets hold most of the water.
Mountain glaciers respond quickly to climate
Greenland Ice sheets-air at the base is close to melting temp. if 2 Celsius warmer, would raise sea level by 7 m

18. Ice and Sea Level (cont)
IPCC forecast sea level to rise from 0.1 to .5m by end of the century
It would take thousands of years to melt Antarctica and Greenland
Scientists still are not fully sure on all the factors that cause ice to melt

19. Ice and Sea Level (cont)
Sea level depends on the total volume of water in the ocean
Also depends on geological movement
As a result of melting ice sheets
Isostasy- the earths crust floats on the mantle
Subtract the melted ice weight & crust will float higher
Vertical motion in other parts of the world
Rise in vertical motion
Bangladesh is being swept away

20. Human Impacts Warming climate due to changes in water availablility
Climate changes affect crop yeilds because corn is sensitive to heat spikes
Less corn per season
Increasing CO2 helps plants deal with water stress
Farmers will have to plant different crops in the future

21. Human Impacts
Number of species on Earth is decreasing due to human land use
Climate change contributes to extinction because it forces natural ecosystems to relocate
This is due to human land use and industrializing their habitats

22. Human impact
Rising temperatures are widening the areas that tropical diseases are able to effect
Tropical disease has a significant impact but is not the most important reason to combat global warming
The impact of global warming is more likely to effect tropical and third world countries where there are less resources to buffer set backs.

23. HW-6: Due Oct 29th
Explain briefly why Global warming is not globally uniform (Include 5 factors in your discussion).
What is the role of vegetation in a drought?
Why do some kinds of ice on Earth change the sea level when they melt and other kinds do not?