1. Lesson 3
What is Nationalism?

2. Fast facts: Nationalism Since 1990, 33 new countries have been created
The dissolution of the USSR and Yugoslavia in the early 1990s caused the creation of most of the newly independent states
Nationalism

3. What do the above have in common?
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Croatia, Macedonia, Serbia
Montenegro and Slovenia
Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus
Estonia, Georgia, Kazakhstan
Krgystan, Latvia, Lithuania
Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan,
Turkmenistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan
What do the above have in common?

4. The previous are 20 of the 33 new countries created since 1990.
Fifteen of the twenty became independent when the USSR dissolved in 1991
Five became independent when Yugoslavia dissolved in the early 1990s
Nationalism

5. Other countries that became independent......
Namibia ( Independent of South Africa )
North and South Yemen merged to form a unified Yemen
East and West Germany merged to form a united Germany
The Marshall Islands ( was apart of the Trust Territory of Pacific islands administered by the US )
Other countries that became independent......

6. Other Countries that became independent
Micronesia ( Independent from the US: previously the Caroline Islands )
The Czech Republic and Slovenia
Eritrea ( Previously part of Ethiopia )
Palau ( Part of the Trust Territory of the Pacific islands )
East Timor ( Independent from Portugal in 1975; from Indonesia in 2002 )
Other Countries that became independent

7. The last three countries to gain independence
June 3,2006: Montenegro ( Was part of Serbia and Montenegro – formerly part of Yugoslavia) –gained independence after a referendum
June 5,2006: Serbia ( became its own entity after Montenegro split )
February17, 2008: Kosovo ( Unilaterally declared independence from Serbia )
The last three countries to gain independence

8. What role did nationalism play in achieving independence for these countries?
Let’s look at what nationalism is in more detail...
Nationalism

9. There are diverse understandings of nationalism
Different beliefs:
a belief in nation
a shared sense of kinship or belonging
a shared collective identity
a specific type of political or sociological movement
There are diverse understandings of nationalism

10. Nationalism as belief in nation…
What is patriotism?
The love for one’s nation or country.
How do people express patriotism?
Discuss: Would you die for your country?
Nationalism as belief in nation…

11. Nationalism is the collective , shared sense of belonging of people who identify themselves as a nation
The “General” idea

12. What aspects of Nationalism are conveyed in each of the following?
A huge Canadian flag is passed along a crowd gathered in Montreal to rally for Canadian unity in 1995
Montrealers fill the streets of Old Montreal in celebration of Fete Nationale.
A ranching family rides the range in Waterton, Alberta
A man from Ebb and Flow, Manitoba, performs a grass dance during a week long pow wow
What aspects of Nationalism are conveyed in each of the following?

13. Creating a Sense of Nationalism
Geography, language, spirituality and religion, ethnicity and culture and citizenship can all inspire a sense of nationalism among members of a nation.
As we explore various factors that can create a sense of nationalism or belonging, consider the types of shared experiences that connect individual members of an nation and remember that these experiences can overlap
Creating a Sense of Nationalism

14. Factors that shape nationalism:
Geography and Nationalism
Language and Nationalism
Spirituality, Religion and Nationalism
Ethnic Ties and Nationalism
Culture and Nationalism
Citizenship and Nationalism
Note these ideas down, but leave space for examples (from lecture), and your own examples (for homework)

15. Geography and Nationalism
The land on which we live is a strong force in shaping our nations, and in creating a sense of nationalism
Connections to the land that inspire nationalism may be defined by distinct political boundaries or may exist outside of borders, and may be associated with:
a specific landscape
a specific climate
a specific environment
Geography and Nationalism

16. Geography and Nationalsim
natural features ( mountains, bodies of water, forests, plains, foothills, valleys ) often inspire nationalism
For example.....
A Mayan ruin
Chichen Itza, Mexico
Stonehenge, England
Israeli flags at the wailing wall
Geography and Nationalsim

17. Geography and Nationalism
People of a nation can also have strong feelings of the land of their ancestors
India: before and after partition
Palestine/ Israel
Geography and Nationalism

18. Language and Nationalism
Many nations consider language to be language to be the “clay” that shape its people’s sense of nationalism or belonging
A common mode of communication means that people in a nation can share ideas, knowledge and wisdom-and make connections in a meaningful way
Language and Nationalism

19. I lost my talk The talk you took away When I was a little girl At Shubenacadie School. You snatched it away: I speak like you I think you I create like you The scrambled ballad, about my word.
A Poem by Rita Joe, on her time at an Indian residential school in Nova Scotia

20. “I lost My Talk? continued
Two ways I talk Both ways I say Your way is more powerful. So gently I offer my hand and ask Let me find my talk So I can teach you about me.
“I lost My Talk? continued

21. How do you thinking reclaiming the Mi’kmaq nation’s traditional language could create a sense of belonging for the people of the Mi’kmaq nation?
Consider the role language plays in defining who you are. How is your language related to your identity?
Canadians speak many different languages. Do you think having two official languages unites us?
Analyzing the Poem

22. Spirituality, Religion and Nationalism
Can mean many different things depending on the beliefs, values and culture of an individual or group of people
Can be trying to find the meaning of life
Can be connecting with a spiritual being
Can be achieving individual potential
Spirituality, Religion and Nationalism

23. Aboriginal spirituality
Comes from his/her relationship to the natural world
Promote respect and honor for what the world holds, including human beings, animals, plants, land, wind and sun
Aboriginal spirituality

24. Religion and Nationalism
Based on understandings of one’s place in the world and ideas about how the group will live.
Members share a system of beliefs and values based on those understandings
For example
Religion and Nationalism

25. Religion and Nationalism
The Five Pillars of Islam (Arabic: اركان الدين) are five practices essential to Sunni Islam. Shi'a Muslims subscribe to eight ritual practices which substantially overlap with the Five Pillars. They are:
Religion and Nationalism

26. Religion and Nationalism
How can common religious traditions, beliefs and values create bonds between people of a nation?
Pope Francis addresses a Christmas crowd at the vatican?
A crowd prays in Instanbul, Turkey, at the Suleymaniye mosque?
Buddhist monks walk in single file to create the form known as the “circle of joy” at a monastery in Nepal?
Religion and Nationalism

27. Ethnic Ties and Nationalism
Creates a sense of belonging because of
Shared experiences (such as language, cultural beliefs, values, traditions, history, family ties )
A shared sense of pride or loyalty to an ethnicity
Examples?
Ethnic Ties and Nationalism

28. Culture and Nationalism
Culture can inspire a sense of nationalism among members of a nation through such things as shared values, beliefs, traditions, ways of life, oral stories,
history, food, clothing, arts, TV and film
Cultural representations can unite people by expressing the shared experiences of a nation
Culture and Nationalism

29. The Importance of Storytelling in Nigeria....
It is only the story that can continue beyond the war and the warrior It is the story that outlives the sound of war drums and the exploits of brave fighters It is the story...that saves our progeny from blundering like blind beggars into the spikes of the cactus fence The story is our escort; without it, we are blind. Does the blind man own his escort? No, either do we the story; rather it is the story that owns us and directs us.
The Importance of Storytelling in Nigeria....

30. Culture and Nationalism
What is the author saying about the importance of storytelling in Nigeria?
Culture and Nationalism

31. Culture and Nationalism continued
Food and Culture:
Food can represent important beliefs and values associated with a culture
The traditions related to eating and preparing certain foods can generate a sense of belonging and connection among people of a nation
Culture and Nationalism continued

32. Food and Culture The Korovai:
For wedding celebrations, a large circular sweet bread, considered holy, is the most significant of all wedding breads
it is heavily decorated with symbolic ornaments shaped as pinecones ( symbolizing fertility), doves, geese, or other symbols of peace, love and faithfulness
The making of Koravai is an important ritual in itself
Food and Culture

33. A Jewish Seder: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passover_Sede r
Food and Culture

34. Citizenship and Nationalism
The citizenship of a nation-state creates a sense of belonging through legal documentation such as laws, charters, passports and birth certificates
The type of participation by citizens depends on the nation-state, but can include such things as:
Paying taxes
Serving the country’s armed forces
Voting in elections
Defending one’s own rights and the rights of others
Citizenship and Nationalism

35. It is through shared experiences related to citizenship that people of a nation state feel a sense of nationalism and connection.

36. Citizenship and Nationalism
In your notebooks write down:
Canadian Citizenship and Nationalism
Laws
Charters
Paying taxes which pay for...
Obeying federal laws such as ...
Voting in elections such as....
Respecting the rights of others ; Not discriminating against others based on their......
Citizenship and Nationalism

37. Nationalism vs. Patriotism
A sense of nationalism inspired by the citizenship of a people is often confused with the concept of patriotism
Patriotism is a love for a nation or nation- state , and relates to a pride in that nation-state’s culture and achievements
Patriotism may also involve love and respect for national symbols, such as flags, landmarks, monuments and patriotism
Nationalism vs. Patriotism

38. Today we have looked at the factors that shape nationalism:
Geography and Nationalism
Language and Nationalism
Spirituality, Religion and Nationalism
Ethnic Ties and Nationalism
Culture and Nationalism
Citizenship and Nationalism
Throughout the lecture, examples of each of these were presented . Your task is to find specific and comprehensive examples of each on your own .
Homework