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A HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE AND YOUR CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
TOPIC 1.2.2 A HEALTHY, ACTIVE LIFESTYLE AND YOUR CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
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LESSON 1 - OBJECTIVES Developing: Understand the main functions of the bodies circulatory system and the structure of the heart. Secure: Understand the function of each key part of the circulatory system. Exceeding: Understand why the heart is referred to as a ‘double pump’.
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Starter What’s the hearts main Job? What does it supply the body with?
What do you know about the Cardio vascular system? Write as much as you can on separate sticky notes? 1 Minute Questions: What's the system made up off? What’s the hearts main Job? What does it supply the body with? What does it take away from the body?
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What is the Cardiovascular system?
The cardiovascular system consists of the heart, blood and blood vessels The heart is a muscular pump that pushes blood throughout the many blood vessels in the body. Blood being pushed around the body by the heart has two main functions: To supply the body with oxygen and nutrients To remove waste products such as carbon dioxide. The blood vessels that run throughout the body allow the blood to travel Everywhere.
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Main Functions of the Circulatory System
TRANSPORT The circulatory system transports oxygen and nutrients to parts of the body as well as removing waste or toxic products such as salt, carbon dioxide and urea, water and heat, from the body. CONTROL The circulatory system helps regulate/control body temperature. The body is affected by changes of temperature, so keeping it in an acceptable range keeps the body functioning properly. PROTECT The circulatory system carries antibodies within the blood stream to help fight bacteria/disease and platelets to help clot the blood at the source of a cut to prevent other germs entering the body.
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TASK With a partner, work together to label the heart using the key words at the bottom.
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lungs The “Double Pump” pulmonary circulation carries:
deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs oxygenated blood back from the lungs to the heart, ready to be pumped out to the body. lungs body’s cells The systemic circulation carries: oxygenated blood to the rest of the body through the arteries deoxygenated blood back to the heart through the veins. Point out to students that the pulmonary vein is the only vein that carries oxygenated blood/ the pulmonary artery is the only artery that carries deoxygenated blood
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Task 2 TASK Watch the video and fill in the blanks that describe in detail the flow of blood around the human body starting in the right atrium?
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From the right atrium deoxygenated blood is sent through the tricuspid valve to the right ventricle. The deoxygenated blood is then sent out of the left ventricle to the lungs via the pulmonary artery. The blood passes through semi-lunar valves when leaving the heart to prevent blood returning. Once at the lungs the carbon dioxide in the blood is exchanged for oxygen which allows the blood to become oxygenated. This oxygenated blood is taken back to the heart via the pulmonary vein. Once at the heart in enters the left atrium before going through the mitral valve and entering the left ventricle. The oxygenated blood is then sent at high pressure through semi-lunar valves, down the aorta which takes the blood around the body to the working muscles / body cells. Once at the body the oxygen within the blood is given up and exchanged for carbon dioxide. This means that the blood becomes deoxygenated. The deoxygenated blood is then taken back to the right side of the heart via the vena cava. Once at the heart it enters the right atrium and the process starts again.
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Homework Using the information you have learnt today complete page 6 in your booklet for homework.
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Lesson 2 - Objectives Developing: Re-cap the flow of blood around the body and Understand important terms which relate to the flow of blood around the circulatory system. Secure: Understand what blood pressure is and how it can effect your body. Exceeding: Be able to apply knowledge when answering exam style questions using all correct terminology when answering exam style questions
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STARTER Complete quiz on video to recap prior knowledge of Cardiovascular system. 2:04
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TASK 1 Draw a simple diagram of the circulatory system. You must:
- label the 4 chambers of the heart - label the blood vessels - Show the type of blood being carried - Explain what happens at the body + lungs
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Important Circulatory System Terms
Heart Rate: The amount of times your heart beats per minute. Stroke Volume: The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per beat. Cardiac Output: The amount of blood pumped out of the heart per minute. HEART RATE x STROKE VOLUME = CARDIAC OUTPUT Maximum Heart Rate: The maximum amount of beats that the heart can beat at per minute. (220 – age) Resting Heart Rate: Your heart rate when the body is at rest. This is normally low as the body is inactive. Recovery Rate: The time taken for the heart to return to normal after exercise or any other physical activity that causes the heart to beat faster.
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Blood Pressure What is it?
The force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of the blood vessels. It is used as an indicator of how fit the circulatory system is. How is it measured? A sphygmomanometer is the instrument that measures blood pressure. Readings are given in units of millimetres of mercury (mmHg). There are 2 main readings taken which are SYSTOLIC and DIASTOLIC.
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SYSTOLIC PRESSURE The maximum pressure in the arteries when the heart contracts (beats) and pushes blood out through the aorta into the body. DIASTOLIC PRESSURE The pressure that is exerted on the walls of the various arteries around the body in between heart beats when the heart is relaxed. SYSTOLIC PRESSURE DIASTOLIC PRESSURE What is our ideal (perfect) blood pressure? 120/90
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Task: Write down 3 ways you can reduce the risk of high blood pressure
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Different Types of Blood Vessels
What are the three main blood vessels within the circulatory system: Arteries- Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart. Why do they have thick walls? Capillaries - In Capillaries gaseous exchange takes place. What gases? Help with the release of heat during exercise. Veins- Veins carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart. Why do they have thinner wales than arteries?
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Extension Work Why is the left side of the heart more muscular and stronger than the right? During CPR why are chest compressions massively important? Blood is sent through veins at a much lower pressure than arteries. i) Explain what veins contain to help get the blood back to the heart? ii) Which other body system is used to help veins get blood back to the heart and how does this work?
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Lesson 3 - Objectives Developing: Develop knowledge and understanding of the immediate changes that occur in the circulatory system after the onset of exercise and why. Securing: Understand how a person’s lifestyle can affect their circulatory system in the long term. Exceeding: Consolidate all knowledge and be able to apply this to exam style questions
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STARTER Write on sticky notes, everything you can remember from last lesson and come and stick it on the board Clues: Blood vessels and the different types? Two types of blood pressure? Important circulatory terms?
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What is Cholesterol? Cholesterol is a lipid found in cell membranes and is used in the production of hormones and bile. Cholesterol is transported in the blood by molecules called lipoproteins, of which there are two types: high-density lipoprotein (HDL): often called ‘good cholesterol’ low-density lipoprotein (LDL): often called ‘bad cholesterol’. Cholesterol levels depend on diet and genes, but high levels of LDL have been linked to eating lots of saturated fats and few mono/polyunsaturated fats.
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EFFECTS OF RECREATIONAL DRUGS ON THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
SMOKING Smoking causes blood vessels to contract which raises blood pressure. It also reduces the red blood cells ability to transport oxygen. WHAT EFFECT WILL THIS HAVE ON AN ATHLETE AND WHY? Smoking also lowers ‘HDL’ (good cholesterol) levels and increases the tendency for blood to clot, which can cause heart attacks and strokes. ALCOHOL Also raises blood pressure.
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HOW STRESS EFFECTS THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Stress causes a persons blood pressure to rise as well as their heart rate. This is dangerous as it can lead to strokes and heart attacks.
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Create your own exam question? (6 Marks)
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Lesson 4 - Objectives Developing: Develop knowledge and understanding of the long term changes that occur in the circulatory system after taking part in regular exercise. Securing: Understand why these changes happen and what the benefits are. Exceeding: Be able to summarise all these factors in an exam style question using sporting examples to support statements.
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Immediate Effects of Exercise on the Circulatory System
HOWEVER AFTER TIME: Muscles Start to Ache Due to the circulatory systems inability to get oxygen to the working muscles. Performance begins to drop. Lactic Acid / Oxygen Debt Lactic acid builds up during anaerobic activities (exercise where oxygen is not used) This soon makes the muscles feel tired and sore. The oxygen debt is the amount of oxygen required to recovery and remove all the lactic acid. WHEN DO YOU THINK THIS OCCURS?
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Immediate Effects of Exercise on the Circulatory System
HEART Heart Rate Increases Stroke Volume Increases Cardiac Output Increase WHY? What benefit is this? BLOOD PRESSURE Blood Pressure Increases ARTERIES Arteries Widen
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LONG TERM EFFECTS HEART: The heart gets bigger and stronger. This means that it can pump more blood around the body per beat / per minute. What will this allow the perform top do? Heart Rate Before and After Exercise: What do you think will happen to your resting heart rate and why? How will the heart rate of a trained athlete during exercise differ to the heart rate of a untrained athlete?
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LONG TERM EFFECTS Recovery Rate: An athletes recovery rate will be reduced so that they will be able to recover from exercise more quickly. What will this mean then? Red Blood Cells More red blood cells are produced by the body. How will this help the athlete? Capillaries: More capillaries develop around the working muscles.
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