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Protein Synthesis - Transcription
One gene – one polypeptide Step 1 – Transcription DNA vs. RNA Three types of RNA Initiation Elongation Termination Post transcriptional Modifications
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How does DNA make proteins?
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DNA Proteins It is a two step process: _____________
- Transcription occurs in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. Translation is the assembly of amino acids into a polypeptide using the information encoded in the RNA.
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DNA vs. RNA RNA DNA ____________ Double Helix Deoxyribose sugar
Adenine pairs with Thymine (A-T) ………….
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Three types of RNA: 2) tRNA 1) mRNA ____________ “messenger” RNA
Carries code for proteins from DNA Carries the “codon”
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3) Ribosomal RNA rRNA ____________
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Transcription Step 1: Initiation
____________ The binding occurs at a promoter: a specialized sequence on one strand of DNA located just upstream from the start of the gene.
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RNA polymerase, unlike DNA polymerase, can begin making the complementary copy without needing a primer to be already in place. ____________ The strand that is not being copied is known as the coding strand, since it contains the same base pair sequence ………….
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Step 2: Elongation DNA splits at the site of RNA polymerase and starts to unravel. ____________
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Step 3: Termination ____________ RNA polymerase leaves the DNA.
RNA strand is released.
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Post transcriptional Modifications
At this point, the newly transcribed RNA is known as pre-mRNA …………. One modification is the addition of a chain of 50 to 250 adenine nucleotides to the 3’ end by an enzyme called poly-A polymerase ____________
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A 5’ cap of seven guanine’s is added to the start of a pre-mRNA molecule
____________
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Alternate Splicing Certain Exons may left out of the final mRNA strand
This enables us …………. ____________
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Summary of Transcription…
RNA polymerase is the enzyme responsible!!
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