1. Chapter 2, Section 1 Four States of Matter

2. Matter is made of atoms and molecules that are always in motion
The state of matter is determined by how fast the particles move and how strongly they are attracted to each other.

3. States of Matter Physical forms in which a substance can exist.
There are four:
solid
liquid
gas
plasma

4. Solids Definite shape and volume .
The attraction between the particles are the strongest of the 4 states.
Particles are very attracted to each other since extremely close together.
Each atom vibrates in place.

5. Two Types of Solids Crystalline – orderly arrangement Amorphous – no orderly arrangement

6. Liquids Takes shape of its container (not definite)
Have a definite volume.
Some attraction between atoms
Particles move fast enough for some to slide between one another

7. Properties of Liquids
Surface tension – causes particles to “stick” together or to other surfaces
Ex: drops of soda stuck in a straw
Viscosity – a liquid’s resistance to flow
Ex: pouring honey takes a long time

8. Water striders walk on water because of surface tension
Maple syrup is more viscous than water

9. Gases No definite shape or volume
Particle have the least amount of attraction between them
Atoms move fast enough to break away completely from one another
There is empty space between the particles
Gas has Pressure – the measure of how much gas particles hit each other and the container they are in

11. The greater the amount of particles, the greater the pressure

12. Plasma Similar to gases:
No definite shape or volume.
Particles have very little attraction between them
Particle Movement: atoms have been split apart to make positively and negatively charges particles.

13. Examples of Plasma
Found on earth in fire, lightning, auroras, neon signs, and fluorescent lights
Scientists think that most of the matter we know about in the Universe is plasma
Ex: Stars

15. Gas Laws
These laws describe the the behavior of gases in relationship to temperature and pressure
Boyle’s Law
Charles’ Law

16. Boyle’s Law
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of a gas increases as the pressure decreases
The volume of gas decreases as the pressure increases
Pressure and volume have an inverse relationship

18. At constant pressure as temperature increases, volume increases
As temperature decreases, volume decreases
Charles’s Law