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Chapter 10: Web Basics
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Chapter 10: Web Basics Identify the components that make up the web
Learning Objectives: Identify the components that make up the web Use the basic functions of a web browser Search the Internet Understand the need for security and recognize secure connections
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How the Web Works The Internet is a global network of millions of computers that can communicate with each other World Wide Web (WWW) A network of inter-connected pages of information stored on publicly accessible servers.
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Web Browsing Components
Web servers: Store and provide access to web sites Web browsers: Request and display information to individuals Web pages: The individual documents that web servers store and web browsers request.
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Web Servers Powerful computers that provide data or services to other computers Receive requests for web page data and supplies it by sending it over the Internet.
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Web Browsers Many are available (Internet Explorer, Firefox, Chrome, Safari) Most are available for multiple operating systems Relationship between browser and server is platform-independent
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Web Pages A web page is a file that is formatted for use on WWW Written in Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Tags define how to treat the text, like this: <p>
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Web Pages Web page contains text, graphics, audio, and video Hyperlinks link to other pages or content Static web page content does not change can be updated manually Dynamic web page frequently updating content (ex. weather report)
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URLs Uniform resource locator (URL) is a web page address
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Parts of a URL Protocol: set of rules for the transmission; most common is http. Another example is IP Domain name: destination server, such as bbc.co.uk. Top-level domain is the final part (uk). Subdomain: usually www, but can be others Path: exact location on the server can include a folder (news) and a file name (story24871.htm)
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IP Addresses IPv4 IPv6 Currently used on the Internet
32 bit binary number Represented in dotted decimal notation Example, More than 4 billion combinations IPv6 Will be used on the Internet in the future 128 bit binary number Represented as eight groups of four hexadecimal numbers Example:2001:0:0:635:7b62:12ab:342:1038
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Identifying Your IP Address
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IP Address Translation
Domain Name System (DNS) servers translate between IP addresses and domain names The process is called name resolution
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Starting Internet Explorer
Home Page The page that is displayed when you first launch your web browser
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Identifying Secure Sites
rather than Lock symbol in Address bar Address bar may have a green background
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Going Back and Forward
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Working with Tabs A tab enables you to have multiple web pages open at once within the same browser window
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Adding Favorites (Bookmarks)
Click the Favorites button (star) Click Add to Favorites Click Add
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Browser History
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Browser History Click Favorites (star) Click History tab
Double-click a date range Click a site to revisit it
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Uploading Files with FTP
Use an FTP client application, or use a browser URL begins with ftp:// rather than
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Uploading Files to OneDrive
Log in at and click Upload Choose a file to upload Click Open
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Plug-Ins (Add-Ons) Plug-in: An additional piece of software added to a web browser application to add support for a certain type of content; Microsoft calls them add-ons Common add-ons include support for Java, Shockwave, and PDF content
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Managing Add-Ons in IE Choose Tools, Manage Add-Ons
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Web Search Search engine: a software tool used to locate information on the web Top search engines include: Google Bing Yahoo! Ask AOL Wow WebCrawler MyWebSearch Info
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Conducting a Search Go to the search engine website and type your keywords in the Search box there Also, you can type search words directly into the Address bar to see results from the default search engine Search results contain: Title URL Description or excerpt
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Search Results Example
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Advanced Search Options
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Search Operators Different search engine have different syntax for advanced searches Examples:
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Evaluating Results Accuracy
What is the reputation of the information source? Is the information objective and fair? What agenda does the source have? Are outside sources cited, or is this just one opinion? Is this information provided by a group of professionals? Amateurs? Hobbyists?
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Virtual Private Network (VPN)
A secure pipeline between a VPN-enabled web server and an individual computer To set up in Windows, use the Network and Sharing Center. Choose Set Up a New Connection or Network, and then choose Connect to a Workplace.
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Key Terms domain name IP address uniform resource locator (URL)
Domain Name System (DNS) IPv4 address IPv6 address virtual private network (VPN) dynamic IP address name resolution plug-in web-based application Favorite search engine home page search operator web browser hyperlink server wiki HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) static IP address Wikipedia tab World Wide Web (WWW) Internet top-level domain
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Summary 1 . What is the relationship between the Internet and the World Wide Web? 2 . What does a hyperlink do? 3 . What type of server is used to resolve domain names and URLs to IP addresses? 4 . What browser feature enables users to open multiple web pages in a single browser window? 5 . What function does a search engine serve? 6 . What is a VPN?
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