1. A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO AND NOCEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
EFFECT OF ISCHEMIC PRECONDITIONING ON SWIMMING PERFORMANCE IN A HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING SET:
A RANDOMIZED, PLACEBO AND NOCEBO-CONTROLLED STUDY
Thiago N. Ferreira1, 2, Thiago R. Lopes1, 2, 3, Jeann Sabino-Carvalho1, 2, Tiago O. Freitas1, 2, Antonio Carlos da Silva1, 2, Bruno M. Silva1, 2
Department of Physiology, Federal University of São Paulo; 2. Olympic Center for Training and Research; 3. Sao Paulo Association for Medical Development.

2. Ischemic Preconditioning
Maximal cycling test
‘Til exhaustion
Left leg
Right leg
Watt
Time (min)

3. Local Ischemic Preconditioning
Low Pressure Control
P = 0.05

4. LPE, low pressure experiment; RIPC, remote ischemic preconditioning
Med Sci Sports Exerc 2011

5. Questions
Does ischemic preconditioning improve swimming performance in a high-intensity interval training set?
Is the ischemic preconditioning effect influenced by placebo and/or nocebo effects?

6. Subjects Well-trained swimmers Mean age 24 years old
At least 5 years of experience

7. Subjects
Group 1
n = 15
IPC vs. CT
Group 2
n = 15
SHAM vs. CT

8. Interventions Ischemic Preconditioning Sham Control 220 mmHg mmHg
mmHg
220 mmHg
mmHg
220 mmHg
mmHg 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’
Sham
10/220/10 mmHg
mmHg
10/220/10 mmHg
mmHg
10/220/10 mmHg
mmHg 2’ 1’ 5’ 5’
Control
10 mmHg
0 mmHg
10 mmHg
0 mmHg
10 mmHg
0 mmHg 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’ 5’

9. 6 repetitions of 50-m all out efforts every 3 min
Study Protocol
Two days before
Intervention
One day before
Intervention 3 6 9 12
15 min
Intervention
Warm-up 1 2 3 4 5 6
Study day
6 repetitions of 50-m all out efforts every 3 min

10. Measurements
Performance: Best Time, Worst Time, Percent Decay, Total Time
Chronometrist 1
Chronometrist 2
Chronometrist 3
Swimming Kinematics: Stroke Rate, Average Speed, Stroke Length

11. Measurements Physiological: Bood Lactate Concentration
Perceived Effort: Borg 0 – 10 Scale
Yellow Springs 1500

12. IPC Group

13. IPC Group

14. IPC Group
Middle of the pool
15 – 35 m
Entire pool
0 – 50 m

15. Sham Group

16. Conclusions
Ischemic preconditioning improved swimming performance in a high-intensity interval training set
The improvement was not mediated by the placebo effect

17. Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo, Brazil
Thank You
Ibirapuera Park, São Paulo, Brazil
Thiago Ferreira.
The presentation of this work was funded by The São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP; Process: 2015/ )