Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
1
The Endocrine System
2
The functions of the endocrine system are:
1. communication 2. integration 3. control
3
The endocrine system regulates the body by maintaining homeostasis
Homeostasis: a balanced internal environment
4
The endocrine system is composed of glands that produce hormones
Hormones are chemicals in the blood that tell all the organs what to do We have almost 200 hormones
5
Hormones are secreted into the bloodstream and they regulate:
Growth Development Reproduction Metabolism energy
6
The endocrine system consist of 9 glands
9
The hypothalamus is a part of the brain that controls and regulates those 9 endocrine glands
10
1. Pituitary gland It’s a small gland located on a stalk hanging from the base of the brain Known as the “master gland”
11
The primary function is to control the activities of other glands in the endocrine system
13
Hormones controlled by the pituitary gland
A. TSH it targets the thyroid gland to release thyroxin B. FSH Targets the ovaries and stimulates ovarian follicle Targets the testes and stimulates the seminiferous tubules to make sperm
14
Targets the ovaries and stimulates estrogen to trigger ovulation
C. LH [luteinizing hormone] Targets the ovaries and stimulates estrogen to trigger ovulation Targets the testes and stimulates testosterone
15
D. MSH it targets the skin and helps melanocytes synthesize melanin for pigmentation
E. GH stimulates the growth of organs
16
F. prolactin stimulates breast development during pregnancy
G. oxytocin Targets breast and uterus Stimulates labor Stimulates release of milk into the breast ducts
17
H. ADH stimulates water retention by the kidneys
18
2. Thyroid gland Lies in the neck below the larynx
Produces thyroxin to stimulate metabolism Produces calcitonon which lowers blood calcium levels
20
3. Parathyroid gland Found in the neck on back of the thyroid gland
Produces PTH which targets the bone It decreases the concentration of calcium in the blood by reabsorbing calcium by bone cells
22
4. Adrenal glands Found on top of the kidneys
Controls mineral salts in the blood Increases blood sugar levels when needed during “fight or flight”; produces adrenaline
24
5. pancreas Contains cells called Islets of Langerhan
Produces insulin to decrease glucose in the blood Produces glucagon to increase glucose levels in the blood
27
6. Ovaries Produces estrogen to promote the development and maintenance of female characteristics Produces progesterone to promote conditions required for pregnancy
29
7. testes Produces testosterone to promote the development and maintenance of male characteristics
31
8. Pineal gland Located in the brain
Produces melatonin to aid in sleeping
33
9. Thymus gland Produces thymosin and promotes the development of the immune system
35
Feedback mechanism Feedback mechanism is the method used by the endocrine system to regulate the level of hormones in the blood Feedback mechanisms help to maintain homeostasis
36
How does the feedback mechanism works?
endocrine glands monitor the amount of hormones in the blood If a certain hormone level is too low or too high, then the nervous system brings this information to the pituitary gland
37
Feedback mechanism[cont]
Then the endocrine system adjusts the amount of hormones being made or released
38
When glucose levels in the body rise, the pancreas secretes insulin
Examples When glucose levels in the body rise, the pancreas secretes insulin When the glucose level are too low, the pancreas secretes glucagon
39
Name an example of feedback mechanism in plants:
the closing of the guard cells and stomates to regulate water loss
40
What is the feedback mechanism order?
Pituitary gland hormone #1 gland hormone #2 body function
43
Diseases of the Endocrine system
44
A disease that results from the body not producing enough insulin or not properly using insulin
45
Grave’s Disease/hyperthyroidism
A disease in which the thyroid releases TOO much hormones; make’s a person’s metabolism overactive
46
Hypothyroidism A disease in which the thyroid DOES NOT release enough hormones; make’s a person’s metabolism underactive
47
Goiter A disease of the thyroid gland because of too little iodine in the diet
Similar presentations
© 2025 SlidePlayer.com. Inc.
All rights reserved.