1. Neuromuscular ultrasound imaging in low back pain patients with radiculopathy 
Lydia R. Frost, Stephen H.M. Brown 
Manual Therapy 
Volume 21, Pages (February 2016)
DOI: /j.math
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2. Fig. 1
Representative ultrasound images of [A] biceps femoris longitudinal, [B] biceps femoris axial and sciatic nerve (black arrow), [C] medial gastrocnemius and soleus longitudinal, [D] medial gastrocnemius axial, [E] paraspinals longitudinal, and [F] paraspinals axial, with SP (spinous process) and R (right) and L (left) sides of the body. In longitudinal images, the vertical line indicates the thickness measurement between the inferior and superior fascial planes of the muscle (medial gastrocnemius, soleus, biceps femoris) or between the facet joint (FJ) and superior fascial plane of the muscle (paraspinals). In axial images, the dashed line surrounds the muscle region of interest for determination of muscle quality. Top is superficial, and bottom is deep.
Manual Therapy  , 83-88DOI: ( /j.math )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
Representation of the submaximal activation tasks for paraspinal [A] and biceps femoris [B] muscles. The paraspinal activation required the participants to lift their extended arm off of the table so that the wrist was 5 cm above the table, while holding a 1 kg weight in their hand. The biceps femoris activation required the participants to extend their leg at the hip so that their ankle was 15 cm above the table.
Manual Therapy  , 83-88DOI: ( /j.math )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
Mean (±SE) sciatic nerve cross sectional area (cm2) for control, LBP-R patients on their unaffected leg, and LBP-R patients on their affected leg. *p < 0.05.
Manual Therapy  , 83-88DOI: ( /j.math )
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5. Fig. 4
Mean (±SE) ultrasound muscle contraction index of the paraspinal, biceps femoris (BF), medial gastrocnemius (MG), soleus (Sol) and biceps brachii (BB) muscles. Contraction index represents [thickness contracted/thickness relaxed]. *p = 0.05.
Manual Therapy  , 83-88DOI: ( /j.math )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
Muscle (±SE) mean ultrasound echo intensity for control, LBP-R patients on their unaffected leg, and LBP-R patients on their affected leg.
Manual Therapy  , 83-88DOI: ( /j.math )
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd Terms and Conditions