1. ASSESSMENT METHODS
– Chapter 10 –

2. Assessment
Collection of information about student learning and performance
Feedback: provides information about students' progress in course and further learning needs
Grades: used at designated times in course to confirm outcomes of learning and determine students' grades

3. Assessment (cont) Principles
Identify the outcomes, objectives, or competencies to be assessed
Select appropriate assessment methods
Meet students’ needs
Use multiple assessment methods
Recognize the limitations of assessment when making decisions about students

4. Evaluation
Process of making judgments about student learning and performance
Value judgment about the quality of learning and performance
Types of evaluation: formative and summative
Formative evaluation occurs throughout the instructional process and provides feedback to students
Summative evaluation "summarizes" what students have learned

5. Grading
Grade is a symbol (A through F, Pass-Fail) that represents a student's achievement in a course
Different grading systems, e.g., letters (A, B, C, D, F), percentages, pass-fail, others
Grade is based on data collected through various assessment methods in the course
Test scores and scores from other types of assessments can be interpreted using norm- or criterion-referenced standards
Norm-referenced interpretation: compare each student's score to those of a norm group
Criterion-referenced interpretation: compare test and other scores to preset criteria

6. Outcomes for Assessment
Outcomes are cognitive processes and practice behaviors students should demonstrate at program completion
Characteristics that students should display at a particular point in time
Competencies are behaviors needed to develop those characteristics
Some teachers refer to outcomes as objectives
Also referred to as learning targets
What student should achieve at the end of the instruction

7. Assessment Methods Tests Papers and other types of written assignments
Set of items to which students respond in written or sometimes oral format
Papers and other types of written assignments
Formal papers
Reflective journals
Short papers
Concept maps
Writing-to-learn activities
Other written assignments

8. Assessment Methods (cont)
Assessment of papers
Need to have specific criteria for assessment
Share with students prior to beginning the paper
Develop a rubric for evaluating paper
Rubric is a scoring guide
Specifies criteria to be assessed and points allotted to each criterion
Principles for assessing papers and other written assignments

9. Assessment Methods (cont)
Integrative cases, unfolding cases, and case studies
Multimedia for assessment
Short segments of digital recording, a video from YouTube, and other media clips can also be used for assessment
Portfolio
Two types: best work and growth
Electronic portfolios can be updated, stored, and shared more easily

10. Assessment Methods (cont)
Discussions and conferences
Group projects
Simulations
Standardized patients
Objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)
Principles for setting up an OSCE for formative or summative evaluation
Self-evaluation