1. Living In Nature Chapter 5, Lesson 2
Mr. Heath
Fall 2008

2. Farming Grew squash, corn, sunflowers, beans
Maize—a type of corn grown by the Native Americans
Grew squash, corn, sunflowers, beans
Learned to farm rich soil near rivers
Learned when plant in the spring and when to harvest in the fall

3. Fishing Different methods in different regions Weirs—
Traps made of sticks that worked like a dam
Used by people along coast such as the Secotan
Saponi of Piedmont built V-shaped dams across the Yadkin River to trap fish in a woven basket

4. Hunting Deer, turkey, bear, rabbits Nothing Wasted
Hides for clothing or coverings for homes
Bones used to make tools or jewelry
Wrapped sinew around arrow to attach to stick to make a spear

5. Clearing Land GIRDLING Use of stone axes to cut, break or bruise the
bark all the way
around a tree
Trees girdled in the summer
Trees would die during the winter
Over time the trunks of the trees would rot and fall over and were burned
Ashes from trees acted as a fertilizer

6. A person demonstrating girdling a tree

7. Natural Medicines Yaupon Tea Ginseng Root Dogwood Bark
Made from a small holly
bush that grows near the coast
Used by Algonquians as an energy drink
Ginseng Root
Chewed by Cherokee in Spring
Cherokee believed that it helped all parts of the body
Dogwood Bark
Thought to bring down a high fever

8. Native American Villages
Often located near rivers or streams
Reasons for locating near waterways
Transportation
Drinking Water
Bathing Water
Water for Crops
Food—Fish
Rich Soil
Birds and other animals more plentiful
The Algonquian Village of Secotan

9. Algonquian Village of Secotan
From a Painting by Explorer John White

10. Types of Homes
Eastern North Carolina
Wigwams
Longhouses

11. Wigwams
Wigwams were dome-shaped houses made by bending the trunks of small trees over to make a frame. The frame was then covered with animal skins, or grass thatch or mats.

12. Inside a Longhouse or Wigwam

13. Animal Hides inside a Wigwam or Longhouse

14. Longhouses
Longhouses were built similar to wigwams but with a different shape. Longhouses were long arch-shaped buildings that were flat on the ends. They ranged from 36—72 feet long

15. Homes of the Mountains Homes built out of wattle and daub
Wattle—made by weaving sticks together
Daub—Plaster made of clay that covered the wattle

16. Stockades What was a stockade? What purpose did the stockade serve?
A fence made up of wooden posts or stakes that often surrounded a village
What purpose did the stockade serve?
To protect the village from enemies and wild animals
Palisade—another name for stockade

17. Watercolor of the Algonquian village of Pomeiock by the English explorer John White. Pomeiock was located along the Pamlico Sound near Lake Mattamuskeet in North Carolina

18. Council Leaders of several villages that were close to each other
Chosen by members of the villages
Made rules and decisions for villages that were close together
Met at Council House
Examples of Decisions:
Helping Others in Need
Going to War
Moving to a Better Land

19. The Cherokee Council House
Built Large Council Houses on top of Mounds
Held Ceremonies
Housed Guests
Some Could Hold as Many as 500 People
Made like a large wigwam with a thatched roof

20. Division of Labor—Fathers’ Roles
Build Family Home
Hunt With Other Men
Made Tools
Made Canoes
Made Repairs

21. Division of Labor—Mothers’ Roles
Remove Skin From Animals
Prepare Hides for Making Clothes
Cooks Meals
Tends Garden
Makes Baskets, Mats, and Pottery

22. Division of Labor—Boys’ Roles
Learn about woods, rivers or ocean
Learn how to identify animal tracks
Sharpen Arrows
Practice With Arrows
Learn How To Make Tools
Exercise
Find Wood for the Fire

23. Division of Labor—Girls’ Roles
Learn about working in the fields and garden
Learn which plants are edible
Learn how to cook on a fire
Help take care of the other children
Help mother dig for clay to make pottery
Learn to sew

24. Role of Older Adults Called elders Tell Stories
Lead the younger people

25. The Role of Women Most were Matrilineal Societies
Traced family names through mother’s side of the family
When a man married, he went to live with his wife’s family

26. Native American Influences Today
Native American Words
canoe, moccasin, pocosin,
Place Names
Hatteras, Catawba River, Lake Waccamaw, Roanoke River, Lake Mattamuskeet, etc.
Foods
Succotash, hominy grits, cornbread
Roads
Many started as Indian trading paths

27. This tree near Southport, NC is estimated to be more than 800 years old. Indians may have bent the tree to mark the trail to their fishing grounds.