1. Textiles

2. Fabric Terms
Weave: The interlacing of two sets of yarns at right angles.
Grain: The direction the threads run in a woven fabric.
Warp: The yarn that runs the lengthwise direction.
Weft: The filing yarns that run in the crosswise direction.
Nap: The layer of fiber ends that stand up from the surface of the fabric.
Knit: The looping of yarns together.
Non-Woven: Joined fibers using glue or heat.

3. Fabric Construction The Three Basic Types of Fabric: WOVEN KNIT
NON-WOVEN
The yarns are then made into fabric, they are either woven or knit together,or the fibers are matted together and glued.

4. Woven Fabrics Made on a loom Lengthwise yarns are vertical
Crosswise yarns are horizontal
Woven Fabrics have different types of weaves.

5. Three Basic Types of Woven Fabrics Are:
Plain
Twill
Satin
Woven Fabrics have different types of weaves.

6. Plain Weave The crosswise yarns will follow the pattern pictured.
It is called a “PLAIN WEAVE” because it is the most simple type of weave.
The first yarn will go over one and then under one.
The second yarn will do exactly the opposite.
The third one, will repeat the first and the forth one will repeat the second.
Here is a picture of an actual plain weave.
The first type is plain weave.
Characteristics
Fairly strong
Easy to sew
Examples
Shirts
Dresses

7. Twill Weave The crosswise yarns will follow the pattern pictured.
The “TWILL WEAVE” is designed for STRENGTH & DURABILITY.
The first yarn will go over Two and then under two of the lengthwise yarns.
The second yarn will rotate one over and then repeat the same pattern.
The third one rotate one over again, and then repeat the same pattern
When it is finished, you will see the illusion of a diagonal appearance.
Here is a picture of an actual “Twill Weave” Fabric.
3rd is Twill Weave
Characteristics
Fairly strong
Wrinkle resistant
Hides Soil
Examples
Denim
Gabardine

8. Satin Weave The crosswise yarns will follow the pattern pictured.
The “SATIN WEAVE” is designed to create a shine on the surface of the fabric.
To get a shine there must be two things happening.
1. The type of fiber must be made of a fiber that can shine.
2. The way it is woven will enhance the shine capability
This style of weave is called a “Random Weave” because there is no order to the weave of the crosswise yarns.
Next is Satin Weave
Characteristics
Snags
Less Durable
Wrinkles
Shows Stains
Hard to Sew With
Examples
Dressy Blouse
Fancy Dresses

9. Knits Knits are made of interlocking loops
These are characteristics of knit fabrics
Stretches
Resilient (which means returns to original shape
Wrinkle Resistant
The next way fabric is created is by knitting.
.Characteristics
.stretches
.returns to original shape
.wrinkle resistant
.Examples
.T shirt
.Active wear
Knit has 2 different types though.

10. Knits The Three basic Knits are: Single Double Ribbed
Has a front and back and the edge will curl when you stretch it.
Double
Looks the same on both sides. The edge does not curl.
Ribbed
Looks the same on both sides. Has an ultra-stretch
The next way fabric is created is by knitting.
.Characteristics
.stretches
.returns to original shape
.wrinkle resistant
.Examples
.T shirt
.Active wear
Knit has 2 different types though.
The “Knit Side” shows the face of the fabric and the “Purl Side” shows the back of it.

11. Non Woven Fabric is made by gluing fibers together.
It does not have “GRAIN”
It has No resilience and therefore if stretched it does not return to its original shape
Typically Used for Crafts & Décor items
Then the last type of fabric is non woven. This is where the fibers are matted together and glued.
.Characteristics
.no grain
.no stretch or give
.requires special sewing techniques .

12. NonWoven Felt Felt EXAMPLES
– Felt is a fabric that is used mostly for crafts, because it has very little stability or resilience.
Here are some examples of Non Wovens.
Examples
.interfacing
.diapers (pictured)
.hospital gowns (pictured) and sheets
.cleaning cloths
.felt (pictured)
Felt
&
Felt Crafts

13. NonWoven
Interfacing
-Interfacing is used to stabilize fabrics and change the body.
In some places on a garment may need more stiffness, strength or heavier drape.
On this Jacket Interfacing is used in the collar, the lapel and the cuffs to help them be more functional.
Here are some examples of Non Wovens.
Examples
.interfacing
.diapers (pictured)
.hospital gowns (pictured) and sheets
.cleaning cloths
.felt (pictured)

14. NonWoven
Batting
-Batting is used on the inside of a quilt or wall hanging. This is the part of the blankets that makes the blanket heavier and warmer than just two pieces of fabric together.
Here are some examples of Non Wovens.
Examples
.interfacing
.diapers (pictured)
.hospital gowns (pictured) and sheets
.cleaning cloths
.felt (pictured)

15. Care Labels Law Required: - Fiber Content - Care Instructions
- Country of Origin
All fabric whether made into clothing or just wrapped on a bolt is required by law to have a care label. The care label has to have fiber content, and care instructions, and the country of origin.
Pictured: care instructions symbol sheet.

16. Types of Care: Washing Machine Dry Clean Only Hand Wash
Permanent Press
Gentle Cycle
Dry Clean Only
Hand Wash
Check Iron Temperature
Care Instructions are Required to give:
.Washing Method
.Water Temperature
.Drying Method
.Drying Temperature
.Bleach Type (or if useable)
.Iron Temperature (if useable)
Pictured: Washing machine, Dryer, Liquid bleach, Oxygen bleach, and Iron.