1. Natural and Synthetic Fibers
Textiles
Natural and Synthetic Fibers

2. Natural Fibers Come from plants and animals General Characteristics
Hydrophilic (Absorb Water)
Most wrinkle easily
Generally more expensive

3. Natural Fibers
Cotton
Flax (Linen)
Wool
Silk
Ramie
Leather

4. Cotton advantages Strong, durable Soft Absorbs moisture
Breathes well- Comfortable
Washes easily

5. Cotton disadvantages Mildews Does not spring back into shape
Wrinkles easily
Burns readily
Shrinks

6. Clothing/Fashion uses
Blouses
Dresses
Skirts
Underwear
Shirts
Jeans
Sportswear

7. Care of Cotton
Wash in washer and dry
Iron at high temperature

8. Flax (Linen) Advantages
STRONG
Absorbs moisture
Comfortable in warm weather
Quick drying
Natural Luster
Little stretch
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9. Linen disadvantages
Mildews
WRINKLES
Burns easily
Frays

10. Clothing/Fashion uses
Blouses
Dresses
Skirts
Suits

11. Care of Linen
Wash or Dry Clean, CHECK LABEL
Iron at HIGH temperature

12. Wool Advantages WARM Durable ABSORBENT
Elastic (returns to original shape quickly)
Resists wrinkling
Fire Retardant
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13. Wool Disadvantages Requires special care
Shrinks sometimes if washed, or dried in dryer incorrectly
Absorbs odors
Requires protection against insects

14. Clothing/Fashion uses
Knit garments
Sweaters
Gloves
Skirts
Coats
Sportswear
Socks
Suits
slacks

15. Care of Wool Dry Clean or Hand Wash and Dry flat
Iron at low temperature

16. Silk Advantages Smooth Lustrous (shiny) Strong Dries quickly
Insulating
Resilent

17. Silk Disadvantages Shows water spots
Degrades and yellows from age and sunlight
Iron at low temperature

18. Clothing/Fashion uses
Skirts
Blouses
Dresses
Neckties
Scarves
Lingerie
Sweaters

19. Care of silk Dry clean or hand wash, check label
Iron at low temperature

20. Synthetic Fibers Manmade from chemical compounds Characteristics
Hydrophobic (water resistant)- does not absorbed well
Promote static cling
Heat Sensitive- melts
Many pill
Most are wrinkle resistant
Less expensive

21. Synthetic Fibers Acetate Acrylic Nylon Polyester Rayon Spandex (Lycra)
Aramid (Kevlar, Nomex)
Olefin
Triacetate
Modacrylic

22. Acetate Advantages
Drapes well
High luster

23. Acetate Disadvantages
Can wrinkle
Low abrasion resistance
Heat sensitive
Damaged by acetone
Loses shape

24. Clothing/Fashion uses
Skirts
Blouses
Dresses
Scarves
Linings

25. Acrylic Advantages Soft Warm Wool-like Light weight Wrinkle resistant
Resistant to moths and sunlight

26. Acrylic Disadvantages
Pills
Static electricity
Heat sensitive
Shrinks and stretches

27. Care of Acrylic
Dry Cleaned or laundered
Iron at low temperature

28. Clothing/Fashion uses
Sweaters
Knit garments
Faux Fur
Coats
Pants
Skirts
Shoe soles

29. Nylon Advantages Very Strong Retention Lustrous Dries quickly
Colorfast

30. Nylon disadvantages May yellow or gray Heat Sensitive
Low moisture absorbency
Frays

31. Clothing/Fashion uses
Sportswear
Jackets
Raincoats
Backpacks
Purses
Nylons

32. Care of Nylon
Easily laundered
Iron at low temperature

33. Polyester advantages Excellent WRINKLE RESISTANCE Good shape retention
Dries quickly
Blends well with other fibers
Retains heat-set pleats and creases

34. Polyester disadvantages
Absorbs oily stains
Low absorbency of moisture

35. Clothing/Fashion uses
Pants
Shirts
Suits
Sportswear
Skirts

36. Care of Polyester
Easily laundered
Needs little or no pressing

37. Rayon advantages Soft and comfortable Dries well Drapes well
Blends well with other fibers

38. Rayon disadvantages May wrinkle or shrink unless treated
Poor shape retention
May mildew

39. Clothing/Fashion uses
Dresses
Skirts
Lingerie
Blouses

40. Care of Rayon Usually dry cleaned, sometimes washable
Iron at low temperature

41. Spandex advantages Excellent elasticity and recovery
Stronger and more durable than rubber
Adds stretch when blended with other fibers
Resistant to body oils
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42. Spandex disadvantages
Damaged by chlorine bleach
Damaged by heat
Shrinks

43. Clothing/Fashion uses
Pants
Shirts
Jeans
Sportswear
Underwear
Socks
Bras
Tights

44. Woven Fabrics
Woven fabrics are made by interlacing two sets of yarns on a loom
WARP yarns run lengthwise – parallel to the selvage edge – stronger, least stretch, more densely packed than weft – under tension when on loom – Pattern grainline arrow pinned on warp grain parallel to selvage
WEFT yarns run crosswise – perpendicular to the selvage edge – sometimes, these are called “filling” yarns – weaker, some stretch, under less tension on loom
The SELVAGE is the tightly woven edge that runs the length of the fabric.
Weft Yarns
Bias
Warp Yarns
Selvage
sewsewetc.blogspot.com
BIAS is any diagonal direction – TRUE BIAS is a 45 degree angle bisecting the lengthwise and crosswise grain lines – this is the only direction that stretches well in woven fabrics

45. Looms Loom Schematic glimakrastandardloomlg.jpg applehollow.com
Dr. Burnham
en.wikipedia.org
Shirting_Weaving_Loom.jpg
qrbiz.com

46. Nanotechnology with Fibers

47. Characteristics of Woven Fabrics
Woven fabrics tend to fray
Woven fabrics do not have a lot of stretch on the lengthwise or crosswise grain; fabrics without a lot of give are less comfortable to wear
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crafthappy.com
Woven fabrics wear best and hand best when the warp yarns (lengthwise grain) is perpendicular to the ground

48. KNITTED FABRICS
Made using one or more yarns which are continuously looped with themselves
Made on a knitting machine – not a loom
Yarn goes up and down the length of fabric as to goes across the fabric
Knits tend to shrink more that woven fabrics the first time they are washed
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danielaforconi.net
ID_372.jpg
en.texsite.info
RIBS – the lengthwise grain – parallel to fabric length
COURSES – the crosswise grain – perpendicular to ribs
BIAS – greatest stretch 1 3 2

49. CHARACTERISTICS OF KNITTED FABRICS
Knitted fabrics stretch more than woven fabrics – there are more yarns per inch
Knits conform to “conservation of matter” – if stretched across, they become shorter; and if stretched lengthwise, they become narrower
The cut edge of most knits will roll
Some knits will run
Do not fray

50. Non Woven Fabrics Characteristics May tear Don’t drape or roll
Made from fibers – not yarns
Fibers are combined with an adhesive/liquid mixture and pressed to a given thickness
Largest classification of fabrics
Not generally used in clothing
Characteristics
May tear
Don’t drape or roll
No grain line
Tend to be less expensive to manufacture and purchase
Don’t behave like a woven or knit
Sometimes described as “paper like”
Spun_Bonded_Non_Woven_Fabric.jpg
asia.ru

51. Non-woven