1. Objective 2/16/17
Provided notes & webquest, SWBAT explain the course of prenatal development & illustrate development changes in physical, social, and cognitive areas Agenda: -Do Now -Notes -Webquest

2. Do Now: Go to my teacher page and click on AP Psych. Do Now’s
Click on the link for today’s date to begin your quiz, you may not use your notes. This is an individual assignment, you will have 10 minutes to complete 10 questions!

3. Introductory Psychology: Developmental Psychology
Ap psychology: unit 9
Topic: Prenatal Development

4. Developmental Psychology: Prenatal Development
Part one
“I felt like a man trapped inside of a woman’s body…and then I was born…”

5. Prenatal Development: Conception
A single sperm cell penetrates the outer coating of the egg and fuses to form one fertilized cell, otherwise known as a zygote
Your most fortunate of moments…
Out of the 200 million sperm & 5,000 eggs, yours won the race!!

6. Prenatal Development: Conception

7. Prenatal Development: Conception
The first known photo of Michael Phelps…

8. Prenatal Development: Stages
The period that extends from conception to birth, usually encompassing nine months of pregnancy
General Overview
Zygote: conception to 2 weeks
Embryo: 2 weeks to 8 weeks
Fetus: 9 weeks to birth

9. Prenatal Development: Stages
The Germinal Stage (#1)
The phase encompassing the two weeks following conception
During this period…
The zygote moves towards the uterus; begins to implant in the lining
Placenta & umbilical cord begin to form
Cells begin to differentiate
***Less than half of all zygotes survive beyond the first two weeks…

12. Prenatal Development: Stages
The Embryonic Stage (#2)
The phase lasting from two weeks until the end of the second month
Once the developing organism firmly attaches to the uterus, it is called an embryo
During this period…
Major organs & structures begin to develop
By the end of this period…
Embryo is 1-inch long
Has primitive eyes, nose, lips, teeth, arms & legs
Heart beat

13. (approximately 6 weeks) (approximately 7 weeks)
Embryo at 40 days
(approximately 6 weeks)
Embryo at 45 days
(approximately 7 weeks)

15. Prenatal Development: Stages
The Fetal Stage (#3)
The phase lasting from two months through birth
Eight weeks after fertilization the embryo becomes a fetus
During this period…
The fetus experiences tremendous growth
The muscles begin to contract
The baby moves into position

17. Developmental Psychology: Prenatal Factors
Part two

18. Prenatal Factors: Critical Periods
Times during which certain environmental influences can have an impact on the development of the infant
In terms of STRUCTURAL DEVELOPMENT, most critical periods occur during the embryonic stage

20. Prenatal Factors: Critical Periods
Teratogens
Agents, such as chemicals and viruses, that can reach the embryo or fetus during prenatal development and cause harm

21. Teratogenic Agent
Effect on Development
Rubella
Blindness; deafness; heart defects; brain damage
Marijuana
Irritability; nervousness; tremors
Cocaine
Decreased height; low birth weight; respiratory problems; learning difficulties; seizures
Alcohol
FAS (intellectually impaired, delayed growth, facial malformation); learning difficulties; smaller than normal head size
Nicotine
Miscarriage; low birth weight; stillbirth; short stature; mental retardation; learning disabilities
Mercury
Mental retardation; blindness
Syphilis
Mental retardation; deafness; meningitis
Caffeine
Miscarriage; low birth weight
Radiation
Higher incidence of cancers; physical deformities
Water Temperature
Increased chance of neural tube defects

22. Prenatal Factors: Critical Periods

23. Developmental Psychology: The Newborn
Part three

24. The Newborn Baby aka NEONATE
I WANT BACK IN!

25. The Newborn: Assessment
Assessment Scoring System
Activity (muscle tone dealing with spontaneous movement)
Pulse (heart rate)
Grimace (reflex irritability; cries, pulls away, coughs, etc.)
Appearance (skin color)
Respiration (breathing – a good, healthy cry)
Score between 0-10

26. The Newborn: Reflexes Rooting Reflex Sucking Reflex
A newborn’s tendency, when touched on the cheek, to turn toward the touch, open the mouth & search for the nipple
Sucking Reflex
A newborn’s tendency to suck on objects that are placed in mouth

28. The Newborn: Reflexes Grasping Reflex Stepping Reflex
A newborn’s tendency to close fist around anything placed in their hand
Stepping Reflex
A newborn’s tendency to make stepping motions when held upright
Startle (Moro) Reflex
A newborn’s tendency to throw head back, extend arms/legs, cry & bring arms/legs back in when startled

29. The Newborn: Sensory Development
Well-to-fully developed at birth
Touch (skin-to-womb contact)
Smell (mother’s milk v. imposter’s milk)
Taste (preference for sweet)
Less developed at birth
Hearing (fluids; most responsive to high & low-pitches)
Vision (rods are well-developed, cones are not)
Depth Perception (The “Visual Cliff”)

30. The Newborn: Sensory Development

31. Google Classroom:web-quest
Go to classroom.google.com, to access the Development web quest

32. The Newborn: Cognitive Development
Habituation
Decreasing responsiveness with repeated stimulation
As infants gain familiarity with repeated exposure to a visual stimulus, their interest wanes and they will look away sooner
Infants pay more attention to new objects than habituated ones
Demonstrates learning