1. Supranationalism and Devolution

2. Supranationalism
Separate entity composed of three or more states that forge and association and from an administrative structure for mutual benefit and in pursuit of shared goals
20th century has witnessed establishment of numerous supranational associations in political, economic, cultural, and military spheres
States have formed over 60 major supranational organizations

3. Beginnings
Post WWI Woodrow Wilson proposes international organization including all the states of the world (League of Nations)
After WWII United Nations created
Currently has 191 member states
Led to many subsidiaries:
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization)
UNESCO (United Nations Education, Scientific, and Cultural Organization)
WHO (World Health Organization)

4. Supranational Organizations
Alliances, trade associations, and organizations designed to represent the interests of multiple states.
Economic organizations - OPEC, EC, COMECON, NAFTA
Political organizations - UN, OAS,
Military organizations - NATO, ANZUS, Warsaw Pact

5. The European Union

6. Who? What? When? Where? Why?

7. WHO? Member States of the EU
Austria
Belgium
Bulgaria
Cyprus
Czech Republic
Denmark
Estonia
Finland
France
Germany
Greece
Hungary
Ireland
Italy
Latvia
Lithuania
Luxembourg
Malta
Netherlands
Poland
Portugal
Romania
Slovakia
Slovenia
Spain
Sweden
United Kingdom

8. Candidate Countries
Croatia
Macedonia
Turkey

9. Other European Countries
Albania
Andorra
Armenia
Azerbaijan
Belarus
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Georgia
Iceland
Liechtenstein
Moldova
Monaco
Montenegro
Norway
Russia
San Marino
Serbia
Switzerland
Ukraine
Vatican City State

10. What?
European Union-an economic cooperation

11. When? Council of Europe – 1945
European Steel and Coal Community – 1959
European Community – 1965
European Union

12. WHERE? Current Map of EU Members

13. Why?
To promote development within the member states through economic cooperation

14. Devolution

15. Devolution
Movement of power from the central government to regional governments within the state
Forces arise from several sources:
Ethnocultural
Economic
spatial

16. Ethnocultural
Nations within a state that define themselves as distinct ethnically, linguistically, or religiously
Especially evident in Eastern Europe
Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia succumbed to devolutionary pressures
Leads to conflicts in places like Sudan and Sri Lanka

18. Economic Can also produce devolutionary pressures Examples:
Catalonia, Spain: contains 6% of Spain’s territory, 17% of its population, but produces 25% of exports and 40% of industrial exports
Italy: pressures to split north (wealthy) and south (less wealthy)
Sardinia

19. Spatial
Distance, remoteness, and marginal locations are allies of devolution
Regions most likely to seek are those far from the capital
Many separated by water, desert, or mountains
Many islands are subject to these forces
Corsica (France), Sardinia, Taiwan, Singapore (Malyasia), Zanzibar (Tanzania), Jolo (Phil.), Puerto Rico