1. Osteichthyes
(bony fishes)
Костные рыбы
Лекция № 6

2. SYSTEMATICS Kingdom: Animals Type: Chordates
Superclass: Osteichthyes (bony fishes)
This superclass contains of:
Class Actinopterygii (ray-finned fishes) Лучеперые
Class Sarcopterygii (lobe-finned fishes) Лопастеперые

3. Contents Anatomy Derma Skeleton Digestive system Breathing system
Circulatory system
Nervous system
The senses (+SWIM BLADDER)
Reproductive system
Excretory system

4. Anatomy

5. Derma
Scale : Ganoid scales
Cosmoid scales
Cycloid scales

6. Skeleton Have bony, as opposed to cartilaginous, skeletons..
1)Axial skeleton:
Vertebral column
Cerebral part of the skull
2)Visceral skeleton

7. Digestive system
At the end of the stomach, many bony fishes have blind sacs called pyloric caeca. The pyloric caeca are an adaptation for increasing the gut area; they digest food.
 The pancreas secretes enzymes into the intestine for digestion.

8. Breathing system
Water enters the gill chamber through a fish's mouth and exits through gill openings under the operculum. Blood flowing through the gill filaments absorbs oxygen from the water.

9. Circulatory system
A bony fish's heart has two chambers: an atrium and a ventricle. The venous side of the heart is preceded by an enlarged chamber called the sinus venosus. The arterial side of the heart is followed by a thickened muscular cavity called the bulbus arteriosus

10. Nervous system
5 sections: front, middle, intermediate, elongated, and the cerebellum
+ 10 pairs of cranial nerves

11. The senses (+SWIM BLADDER):
Bony fishes have a basic vertebrate eye, with various structural adaptations. A bony fish's eye includes rods and cones.
The ears of a bony fish function in equilibrium, detecting acceleration, and hearing.
Lateral line.
Bony fishes have taste buds in their mouths. Some species have taste buds along the head and ventral side of the body.
Olfactory cells in the nasal sac detect tiny amounts of chemicals in solution.
Плавательный пузырь
Apparently the swim bladder originally developed in fish as an organ of respiration, as evidenced by the "lung" of the lungfishes.

12. Reproductive system
In most species of bony fishes, sperm and eggs develop in separate male and female individuals. Males and females may look similar, or they may look very different. Male/female differences may include size, coloration, external reproductive organs, head characteristics, and body shape.

13. Excretory system