1. Organization & Body Systems
Unit 1: Intro to Anatomy
Chapter 1.1

2. Anatomy & Physiology The study of the human body
Anatomy is concerned with the structure of a part

3. Physiology is concerned with the function of the part

4. Levels of Organization
Body is organized into levels from most simple to most complex

5. Atoms
Most simple
Compose all substances
Chemicals elements

6. Molecules
Atoms joined together form molecules
Example: amino acids

7. Macromolecules Molecules joined together form macromolecules
Example: protein

8. Organelles
Tiny structures found in cells that perform cellular functions
Example: mitochondria – supplies cell with energy

9. Cells Macromolecules found in all cells
Basic unit of all living things

10. Tissue
Composed of similar types of cells and performs a specific function
Example: blood, muscle, fat

11. Organs
Groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function
Example: heart, stomach

12. Organ System Groups of organs that perform a particular function
Example: digestive system: supply body with the nutrients needed for growth and repair

13. Organism All the body systems make up an organism
Unicellular organism: made up of one cell
Example: amoeba
Multicellular organism: made up of many cells
Example: gorillas

14. Review
________ is concerned with the structure or an organ or part, while ________ is concerned with the function.
ANSWER: Anatomy, Physiology

15. ___________ are groups of tissues working together to perform a specific function.
Answer: Organs

16. 3. ______________ organisms are made up of many cells, while ___________ organisms are made up of one cell.
ANSWER: multicellular, unicellular

17. 4. Basic unit of all living things are called ________.
ANSWER: cells

18. Homeostasis
Homeostasis is the relative constancy of the body’s internal environment
Even when external conditions change, the body’s internal condition stays within a narrow range
All systems of the body contribute toward maintaining homeostasis
If the body’s internal conditions changes greatly, illness results

20. 2 types of homeostasis mechanisms:
Negative feedback – returns a variable back to a the set point

21. Positive feedback – mechanism that brings about an ever greater change in the same direction
Example: Childbirth

23. Introduction Organs in the body work together in systems
11 organ systems in the body
Organ systems can be divided into 4 categories based on function

24. Body Systems Support, Maintenance Movement, of the Body & Protection
Integration &
Coordination
Maintenance
of the Body
Reproduction &
Development

25. Support, Movement, & Protection
Integumentary System:
Organs: skin and accessory organs (hair & nails)
Function: protects tissue, regulate body temperature & contains sense organs

26. Skeletal System Organs: bones, cartilage, & ligaments
Function: protects body parts, produce blood cells, stores calcium & phosphorus salts

27. Muscular System Organs: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscles
Function: move voluntarily, respond to stimuli, produce body heat

28. Integration & Coordination
Nervous System
Organs: brain, spinal cord & nerves
Function: conducts nerve impulses from the sense organs to the brain and then to the muscles and gland

29. Endocrine System:
Organs: Hypothalamus, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, testes
Function: secretes chemicals that are messengers between body part, maintain proper functioning of reproductive system

30. Maintenance of Body Circulatory (Cardiovascular) system:
Organs: Heart, blood vessels, blood
Function: transports nutrients and oxygen to cells through blood, removes wastes

31. Immune (Lymphatic) System:
Organs: Lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
Function: protects body from disease

32. Respiratory System: Organs: Nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs
Function: bring oxygen into lungs and take carbon dioxide out of the lungs

33. Digestive System:
Organs: mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small & large intestine, rectum
Function: receive food and digest into nutrient molecules

34. Urinary System: Organs: kidneys and urinary bladder
Function: gets rid of nitrogenous wastes, helps regulate fluid level and chemical content of the blood

35. Reproduction & Development
Reproductive System:
Organs: Male: testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra, penis Female: ovaries, Fallopian tubes, vagina, uterus
Function: produce sex cells, nourish and protect fetus (female)