1. Migration and the World of Work

2. Immigrant Workers

3. Why do countries try to attract immigrant workers?
Labour shortage in some economic sectors
Includes oil production or fruit and vegetable farming
Population aging
Textbook page 78
OIL BOOM EXAMPLES: Middle East, Alberta
Population Again: Read excerpts on Quebec and Japan

4. What difficulties do immigrants face when searching for work?
Mastery of the language
Knowledge of employment criteria
Relate this back to the entrance card.

5. What advantages do immigrants get from holding a job?
Learning the language
Social integration and labour force mobility
Tie this into Syrian Refugees. Some say not let them live in cities since it takes away legitimate jobs from others. These advantages are not as effective when living in the countryside.

6. Trends in Economic Migration
Workbook: pg
Job Outsourcing (pg. 78)
Transfer of activities, capital & jobs to countries with lower production costs.
Brain Drain (pg )
The permanent emigration of a country’s skilled workers.
Remittances (pg. 79)
Immigrants sending money back home.
Which country benefits in each of these situations?

7. Employment Policies

8. Which factors cause difficulties in finding employment?
Recognition of diplomas and competencies by professional corporations.
Training that does not correspond to the standards of the host country.

9. What can be done to overcome these difficulties?
*Solutions are related to the recognizing diplomas
Adopt a system to recognize prior learning
Establish uniform international professional standards
Establish intergovernmental agreements
Agreements between governments.

10. Agreements to promote labour force mobility: Two examples
All diplomas issued by countries in the European Union are equivalent
Employment qualifications between Spain and Quebec are recognized

11. What have some states done to promote the integration of immigrants?
Adopt positive discrimination policies
Relax the rules for recognizing employment qualifications
Ex. Quebec and Spain
Give grants to firms that hire immigrant workers

12. Parallel Economies

13. Undocumented Workers Definition:
A person who is working off of the payroll or is not legally allowed to work in the country yet.

14. Why do some employers (i.e. Trump) use undocumented workers?
The wage and work conditions do not have to respect the country’s norms/laws.
Lighter social security tax load.
Social security: Every contributes through their taxes to help workers who have become disabled, families where a spouse or parent dies and retired workers.
Economic consequences:
Fewer jobs available in the job market
Loss of government revenues (mostly taxes)

15. Which economic sectors are undocumented immigrant workers found?
Domestic work
Ex. Nannies, cleaning ladies.
Fruit and vegetable farming.

16. Characteristics of working conditions of undocumented immigrant workers
No job security or social safety net.
Labour standards not respected by their employers.
Fear of deportation