1. Physical Science Review

2. Lab Procedures
Dry hands, keep cords away from wet areas, and make sure electrical equipment is in good condition
Graduated Cylinder
3. Bottom curved portion of a liquid

3. Lab Procedures You measure mass with a balance.
Slide all riders back to zero. Use the adjustment knob under the measurement tray to make sure the pointer is on zero.

4. Graphing The three types of graphs are:
Bar graphs show relationships among groups.
Circle (or Pie) graphs shows percents.
Line graphs show how one variable changes with respect to another.

5. Graphing

6. Graphing
The independent variable is on the x-axis and the dependent variable is on the y-axis.

7. Distance vs. Time
Distance (m)
Time (s)

8. Atoms 1.
The three hydrogens have different numbers of neutrons which make them isotopes.
Number of protons
Average atomic mass of the element’s isotopes

9. # of Electrons (same as protons if atom is neutral)
Atoms
Element
Atomic Number
# of Protons
# of Electrons (same as protons if atom is neutral)
Mass Number
# of Neutrons
(Mass # - Protons) Mn 25 55 30 Zn 65 35 Ti 22 48 26 Ca 20 40 O 8 16 Ne 10

10. Chemical Bonding Electrons in the outermost energy shell
Their outermost energy level is full
Number of energy levels that electrons exists in
Number of valence electrons

11. Chemical Bonding
H Li Cl Ne

12. Density Mass and volume 2. D = m/v D = 11 g/2 cm3 D = 5.5 g/cm3
3. V = m/d V = 15 g/3 g/cm3 V = 5 cm3
4. V = l x w x h V = 3 m x 2 m x 1m = 6 m3

13. Naming Compounds a. NaCl b. Li2O c. Mg3N2 d. MgO a. Dinitrogen dioxide
b. Carbon monoxide
c. Carbon dioxide
d. Tetraphosphorus decoxide

14. Naming Compounds
The name of the metal is first, followed by the nonmetal. The ending of the nonmetal is dropped and -ide is added.
Ionic bonds occur between a metal and a nonmetal. Covalent bonds occur between two nonmetals.
A cation has a positive charge because it lost electrons. An anion has a negative charge because it gained electrons.

15. Chemical Reactions
Reactants are what you begin with and products are what is produced.
Conservation of mass; equal
a. Unbalanced b. Balanced
a. Decomposition
b. Double replacement
c. Single replacement
d. Synthesis
e. Single replacement

16. Matter and Solubility Solutes are dissolved in solvents.
a. stirring b. heating c. crushing
Contains the maximum amount of solute it can hold at that temperature.
Homogenous – coke Heterogeneous – chicken noodle soup
Substance

17. Acids and Bases
Sour taste, produces H+ ions, ph < 7, and corrosive.
Bitter taste, feels slippery, produces OH- ions, ph > 7.
Acid
Base
Neutral
Weak Acid Weak Base..8
React with a base

18. Energy Transformations
Mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, and nuclear.
Electrical; mechanical
Conservation of Energy
Light from the Sun is converted to electrical energy by solar panels.
Conduction, convection, and radiation
a. radiation b. convection c. conduction d. conduction e. radiation

19. Force and Motion Distance and time
Velocity describes speed and direction
D = vt D = (65 mph)(3.5 hr) D = miles
T = d/v T = 350 miles/72 mph T = 4.9 hrs
Zero
Change in velocity/time

20. Force and Motion Slowing down
A car leaves a stop sign reaching a speed of 12 m/s in 10 sec. What is the acceleration? a = Vf – Vi/t a = 12 m/s – 0 m/s ÷ 10 sec a = 1.2 m/s2
a = Vf – Vi/t a = 8.94 m/s – m/s ÷ 4 sec a= m/s2

21. Newton’s Laws
An object in motion will stay in motion and an object at rest will stay at rest, unless acted upon by an outside force.
Objects resistance to a change in motion.
Mass; force
Newton’s 3rd Law

22. Newton’s Laws Push or pull to change motion; newtons
6. F = ma F = (100 kg)(5 m/s2) F = 500 N

23. Work and Machines W = fd Joules W = fd W = (40 N)(3 m) W = 120 J
Machine a. Decreasing the input force b. Increasing the distance the resistance force moves c. Changing the direction of the input force

24. Work and Machines
MA = foutput/finput finput = foutput/MA finput = 100 N/ finput = 50 N
a. Wheel & axle m/5 m = 2
b. Pulley = 3
c. Inclined plane m/3 m = 4

25. Waves Mechanical Electromagnetic Require a medium
Does not require a medium
2 types (transverse and compressional)
7 types (gamma, x-rays, uv, visible, infrared, microwaves, and radio)
Sound waves
Light waves

26. Waves Longitudinal; solid; G Transverse; Gas; S
Radio, microwave, infrared, visible, uv, x-rays, and gamma
UV, x-rays, and gamma
Heat
Roy G Biv

27. Phases of Matter Solid, liquid, gas, and plasma
All matter is composed of particles and they are in constant motion.
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Melting point
Boiling Point
Evaporation
Condensation

28. Phases of Matter
10. Energy is added to separate particles as ice melts; then the same amount is released as it freezes. Energy is absorbed when water vaporizes; the same amount is released when the vapor condenses.

29. The Periodic Table Mendeleev Periods; groups
Metals – left of the stair step metalloids – stair step nonmetals – right of the stair step
Alkali metals; they only have one electron in their outer energy level
Alkaline earth – they have two electrons in their outer energy level

30. The Periodic Table Halogens; one electron
Nobel gases have a full outer energy level.
They can conduct heat and electricity better than nonmetals, but not as well as metals.