1. Life Processes and Adaptations in PLANTS
A Booklet Journey

2. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
1. What was the earliest ancestor to all of today’s modern plants? _________________
Green algae

3. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
2. The first (real) plants were called _______________ (mosses, hornworts, liverworts). They do not have stems (or specialized vascular tissue) to transport food and water.
bryophytes

4. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS 3. What part(s) of the plant have vascular tissue?
Stems and Roots and Leaves

5. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS 4. The two types of vascular tissues are:
a. Xylem: transports water up the plant
b. Phloem: transports food and water up and down the plant

6. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
5. How do bryophytes obtain water and nutrients if they don’t have stems? ___________________________________________
Absorbing water from the environment by OSMOSIS

7. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS
6. Which plant domain evolved vascular tissue first? _____________. What did this allow plants to do? __________________________________________________
FERNS
Grow on land away from water; grow taller

8. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS SEEDS
7. What trait evolved after vascular tissue? _______________. Which plant domains reproduce using seeds? _______________ & ________________
SEEDS
Gymnosperms
Angiosperms

9. EVOLUTION OF PLANTS CONES
8. Gymnosperms produce seeds protected in __________, whereas Angiosperms produce seeds protected in _______________ & _________________
CONES
FLOWERS
FRUITS

10. PLANT CHARACTERISTICS
Common Characteristics of Plant Cells:
1. Eukaryotic
2. Multicellular
3. Autotrophic (Photosynthetic)
4. Aerobic Have cell wall

11. PLANT CLASSIFICATION

12. STERNGRR (life processes) in PLANTS
Synthesis:
Photosynthesis used to make food
Protein synthesis
Chloroplasts

13. STERNGRR Processes Transport: Non-vascular plants use osmosis
Vascular plants have xylem to transport water and phloem to transport food (in vascular bundle / vein)
WATER
FOOD

14. STERNGRR Processes Excretion:
Tiny openings in the leaf called stomata allow gas exchange; regulated by guard cells
Wastes may be stored in leaves that fall off in autumn

15. What plant cell ORGANELLE does this process occur in?
STERNGRR Processes
Respiration:
Use oxygen and sugar to produce ATP for energy
Equation:
What plant cell ORGANELLE does this process occur in?

16. What plant cell ORGANELLE does this occur in?
STERNGRR Processes
Nutrition:
Sugar produced in photosynthesis is used for cellular respiration or stored for later use.
Plants are autotrophs (producers) because they produce their own food during photosynthesis.
Equation:
What plant cell ORGANELLE does this occur in?

17. STERNGRR Processes Growth and Development:
Seeds germinate to start the process of development into a new plant

18. STERNGRR Processes Growth and Development:
Hormones: plants produce growth hormones (proteins)
Tropisms: growth responses (movements) to environmental stimuli

19. STERNGRR Processes
Tropisms: growth responses (movements) to environmental stimuli
Phototropism: the way a plant bends or moves in response to light
Gravitropism: the way a plant bends or moves in response to gravity
Thigmatropism: a plant’s response to touch

20. Sex, Bugs, and Pollen’s Role
A CLOSE READ about Plant Reproduction!
Highlight important vocabulary terms
Make comments and connections in the margins
Ask questions in the margins.

24. STERNGRR Processes Reproduction: Asexual Reproduction:
Occurs through the process of vegetative propagation

25. STERNGRR Processes Reproduction: Sexual Reproduction: Spores:
Produced by non-vascular (bryophytes) and seedless vascular (ferns)

26. STERNGRR Processes Reproduction: Sexual Reproduction: Seeds:
Found in cones in gymnosperms
Found in fruits that develop from flowers in angiosperms

27. What is a seed? egg embryo ovary fruit seeds air water animals
SEEDS – a fertilized ______ becomes an ___________________ inside the ___________ of the flower. As the seed develops, the ovary ripens to form a ___________. The fruit helps to disperse (spread) the _______________.
Seeds may be dispersed by ______, ______________, or _______________ (poop).
embryo
ovary
fruit
seeds
air
water
animals

28. Seed Structure

29. FLOWER STRUCTURE (Angiosperms)
petal
flowers
Angiosperms use ________________ as reproductive structures.
The colored ____________ of a flower or scented/sweet nectar attract ____________________.
A flower may contain both male and female parts:
petals
pollinators
Male part
Female
part

30. FLOWER STRUCTURE (Angiosperms)
The male reproductive structure is called the stamen.
The stamen consists of the anther and the filament.
The anther produces pollen, containing sperm.
The female reproductive structure is called the pistil or carpel.
The pistil consists of the stigma, the style, and the ovary.
The stigma is sticky, which helps collect pollen.
The ovary holds ovules, containing eggs.
anther
filament
Stamen
Highlight or Shade the FEMALE flower parts in RED/PINK.
Highlight or Shade the MALE flower parts in BLUE.

31. FLOWER STRUCTURE (Angiosperms)
Shade in the MALE parts (labels) blue.
Shade in the FEMALE parts (labels) pink.

32. REPRODUCTION pollen transferred
POLLINATION - occurs when the _________ produced by the anther (male part of the flower) is ______________________ to the stigma (female part of the flower)
pollen
transferred

33. REPRODUCTION sperm egg
FERTILIZATION - occurs when a ___________(in pollen) meets the _______ (in ovary).
sperm
egg

34. Video: The Reproductive Role of Flowers

35. STERNGRR Processes Regulation
Hormones: regulate and control responses to stimuli.
AUXINS – control _________________ of ______ (growth)
CYTOKINIENS – control ___________
ETHYLENE – gas that regulates ________________________
Control elongation of stem (growth)
Control cell division
Gas that regulates fruit ripening

36. STERNGRR Processes Regulation
Stomata (stoma) – small openings (_______) on the underside of leaves that ______________ gas ___________ and water _______ (called transpiration).
pores
regulate
exchange
loss
CO2
Guard cells
stomate
H2O
chloroplast O2

37. ADAPTATIONS IN PLANTS

38. Plant Adaptations
Plants have adaptations that help them survive in different areas
Adaptation: heritable trait that increases an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce (increases fitness)

39. Plant Adaptations - Root
Taproot
Fibrous Roots
Root hairs

40. Plant Adaptations - Leaf
Cuticle
Surface area
Carnivorous
Protection

41. Plant Adaptations - Stem
Tuber
Succulent
Tendrils
Runners