1. HONEY BEES!
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2. The Honey Bee Insect A honey bee colony large organized
Hymenoptera or winged insect
Term hymenoptera refers to…
Hymen-referring to membrane…..ptera referring to wing
Largest order of insects
Sawflies, wasps, bees, and ant bees

3. Hymenoptera Complete development
Egg, Larva, Pupa, Adult
Third largest order of insects world wide
Hymenoptera only insects beside isopteran (Termite) to have evolved complex social system with division of labor

4. Hymenoptera
Most hymenoptera have unspecialized mouth parts with exception to honey bee
maxillae and labium are modified into a proboscis that works like a tongue to collect nectar from flowers
mandibles are used to gather or manipulate pollen and wax.
Adults have two pairs of wings
Front and hind wings linked together by hooks (Hamuli)
Operate in unison

5. Hymenoptera Females develop from fertilized eggs
Males develop from unfertilized eggs
Females control weather or not an eggs is fertilized they can regulate the sex ratio of their offspring
Only insects that can sting

6. Life Cycle Worker Bees Worker Bees Develop from fertilized eggs
Females, has stinger can defend the hive
Develops in twenty one days
Lives for four to six weeks in warmer months and six to eight weeks in cooler months
Make up ninety percent of the colony population
Have a stinger and can defend the hive
Scout bees
Forager
Nurse bees
Guard bees
Can lay unfertilized eggs (lays Drone eggs) If worker lays
eggs she will often lay more then one eggs per cell

7. Life Cycle Drone Bees Drone Bees Mate with the Queen
Do not have stinger and cannot defend the hive
Develops in 24 days
Develops from unfertilized eggs
Larger eggs, requires larger cells for development
Dies off in larger numbers in cold months

8. Life Cycle Queens There are three castes of bees: Queen, Worker, Drone
Mates with Drones
Lays eggs singly in hexagon cells
Develop from unfertilized eggs
Larger bees, require larger cells to develop
Develop in 15 ½ days
Fed by worker bees during development
Only one queen is present in hive usually
Virgin Queen mates during nuptial flight, mates with several Drones during flight
Queen lives three to five years

9. What honey bees can see
Bees see “primary colors” as blue, green and ultraviolet
They can distinguish yellow, orange, blue-green, violet, purple, as combinations of their three primary colors.
Humans see “primary colors” as red, blue, and green
We can distinguish about 60 other colors as combinations
of our three
primary colors.

10. HOW HONEY BEES HEAR The honey bees antennae Bee’s nose and tounge
Detects smell and taste
Can hear by detecting movement of particles
in the air

11. What honey bees can see. Honey bees cannot distinguish the color red
They can distinguish shades of light and dark
Very good at seeing edges and lines as well as corners
Have difficulty seeing circles or round shapes
Can use odor clues to seek out flowers in short distances
Flowers evolve to attract insect pollinators
Flowers have ultraviolet patterns attractive to bees
Behavior experiments used with bees
thanks to Michael Simone-Finstrom, a postdoctoral researcher in NC State’s apiculture program,

12. How do bees see and what do they see
How do bees see and what do they see? Honey bees cannot see the same spectrum of light that humans can see. Honey bees see the ultraviolet spectrum that humans cannot see.

13. How honey bees can see. Honey bees have compound eyes and simple eyes
Composed of many small plates covered with hair
Hair aides in determining wind speed and direction when bee is flying
Each plate sends an image to brain and then combines images
Bee see in extreme detail
Locks on to fast moving objects
Simple (3) Eyes…Ocelli
Single lens
Top of head
Can see ultraviolet light
Aides in navigation

14. EYES A---COMPOUND EYES…………B---SIMPLE EYES References: