2. Vocabulary: Suggestions. 2

7. Entrepreneurs/Volunteers
1. Rise Up Egypt
2. Mai Medhat
3. Laila Sedky
4. Dina El-Mofty
5. Injaz Egypt
6. Armando Dunn
7. UN Volunteers
8. Dr. Ayman Ismail
9. Amad Elmsaodi
10. Wuzzuf
11. Ameer Sharif
12.
13. 7

8. The Exceptional Youth of Egypt- 8 8

9. Today, youth crime is on the rise all over the world
Today, youth crime is on the rise all over the world. Theft, burglary or even murder are now committed by people of younger and younger ages. What is your opinion and why has this happened?  In my opinion, youth crime is definitely a serious problem nowadays. Even though this is a controversial topic, I will illustrate some possible causes and realistic solutions to combat such an international dilemma On the one hand,  it is observed that extreme behavior is usually exhibited by children from "dysfunctional families". Without proper supervision from parents or caregivers, children’s extreme behavior such as aggression, hostility or defiance are given free rein to develop. In addition, there is a direct correlation between the lack of engagement in educational activities and serious criminal behavior in children. Out of “boredom” and too much “free time”, children befriend antisocial peers, bad influences, and will gradually copy their behavior. Social media also plays an enormous role in shaping children’s personalities For example, the internet, and online social networks such as Facebook, twitter and Instagram encourage youth to spend any free time "online".  Children never read actual books anymore, rarely study in a library, and instead use any free time to check their cell phones or chat.  Hence, any opportunity to think critically, learn a new language or instrument, volunteer, intern or practice sports is lost.  If children are “addicted” to the internet and their cell phones, they will never have the opportunity to become "well-rounded" adults later in life. Consequently, parents are facing greater challenges in todays day and age On the other hand, hope is not lost. Through education and training, youth can realize their full potential and become useful members of society later in life. For example, in the United States, volunteer work is highly encouraged regardless of age. Young people have a lot of free time, energy and abilities which should be channeled into meaningful opportunities.  Whether through volunteer work, internships, or part-time jobs, youth should always be “kept busy”. They will be able to learn valuable time management skills, mature quickly, and most importantly, keep out of trouble. Consequently, the chances of them using free time in a negative way will be drastically reduced In conclusion, even though juvenile delinquency is the result of many factors, parents should encourage their children  to use any free time wisely.  By learning to help others, they will also be helping themselves, while building their CV, and staying out of trouble.

10. Youth social problems are increasing rapidly in most cities around the world. What are the reasons for this, and suggest some solutions. As many people have mentioned, in many cities around the world, social problems by teenagers are increasing unexpectedly. Youth organizations as well as parents are trying to find solutions to this international problem. First of all, no one can deny that, according to recent figures, there is an increase in violence, robbery and even murder crimes among young people. As many scientists have claimed, the main reason for this is that, nowadays, youth are growing with lack of attention by their parents.  The cost of living is increasing all over the world, and most parents must work multiple jobs to cover their expenses.  Hence, parents may not be able to spend enough "quality time" with their children anymore.
Second of all, the internet and "useless" movies are popular amongst both youth and adults to the point of becoming an "addiction". For example, the cell phone and the internet are so distracting, students can never sit down and "study" properly anymore. Thus, teens may end up dropping out of school as they cannot control their mind, and cannot concentrate or focus for long periods of time.  Furthermore, parents cannot control what is on the internet, and it makes parenting even more challenging in this technological age.
From my point of view, the best way to reduce juvenile delinquency, are new laws and regulations for the internet. For example, only educational institutions and registered businesses should have a licensed website in order to protect the general public, and especially children. Moreover, parents should try to spend as much time as possible with their children, and help children use their free time wisely.  Encouraging them to go to the library, practicing sports and volunteering from an early age will provide them critical thinking skills and social skills they cannot learn at home or in school.  This is also true for adults of all ages who suffer from depression. to illustrate, continuing education and volunteer activities have traditionally helped adults in the past, and will continue to help adults of all ages in the future. Not surprisingly, research shows too much "free time" causes social and psychological problems if not used wisely. Overall,  youth problems are widespread these days. Even adults suffer a "mid-life" crisis due to the stress of daily life, and distractions like the internet. If both youth, and older adults, use their free time wisely, the psychological problems they are facing would diminish rapidly around the world.

11. Dear Amira, I am very sorry to hear this
Dear Amira, I am very sorry to hear this. As you know, my son was also acting like your son, however, he is now back on the right track.   In my opinion, you just need to change a few things to see positive results. First of all, I definitely agree you should remove him from his current school and negative atmosphere. Bad friends will make it impossible for him to study or take his schoolwork seriously. Second of all, why don't you get him involved in volunteer work, a part-time job or internship? Paid or unpaid, young people have a lot of free time and energy and they must use it wisely. By studying and working at the same time, he will be able to learn time management skills, meet other people and mentors who are a good influence, and become immersed in a totally new atmosphere.  In addition, there are always free classes that teach students new skills like swimming, learning a new language or instrument. Keep him busy with interesting activities! I suggest his Internet time should be very limited as it is full of bad influences and distractions. Finally, why don't you volunteer with him? My son and I are both volunteering at a local cancer hospital together one day a week, and it has helped both of us. Afterwards, we spend time together reading at our library and are now learning French as well. Moreover, we go to our local sports club as often as possible. My son loves swimming and is helping other youngsters learn how to swim as well. I personally believe you should act immediately. The sooner you change his surroundings, the better. Why don't you and ______ come meet us this Friday at the sporting club? We can introduce him to all our wonderful friends there. Please keep me posted! Sincerely,

13. IELTS Sample Essay
Why does a family “breakdown” and what are some possible solutions?
Nowadays, due to financial challenges and other obligations, family members simply have less time to spend together. Hence, divorce is becoming quite common in this day and age.
First of all, there are many reasons why a family structure “breaks down”. In order to afford increasing living costs, both parents find it necessary to work. Therefore, both parents will have less time to spend with their children. This inevitably has negative effects on both the children and on the family in general. Peer pressure, excessive television and internet addiction become the main influence on children's behavior. Parents are simply too busy working they may not even notice there is a problem until it is too late. Second of all, parents may be too tired to practice effective communication with their children and each other, even when they are not working. Increasing tension in the family will then build up over time; hence, divorce soon follows.
Nevertheless, the problem is by no means insurmountable. In order to prevent such problems such as potential juvenile delinquency and “broken homes”, time management becomes necessary. For example, families should allocate even an hour everyday to be together and reconnect. In addition, any time off should be devoted to communication and family activities, particularly on weekends.
In conclusion, responsible planning and time management are the keys to a successful modern family. By practicing effective communication and daily get-togethers, especially at the dinner-table, both parents and children will be able to avoid future problems and succeed as a family.

14. Some people think that parents should teach children how to be good members of society . Others however, believe that schools are the place to learn this. Discuss both views and give your opinion.
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge or experience.
Preparing children as good members of society is very important to productive societies. Some people contend this responsibility falls mainly on parents, while others argue educational institutions primarily have this duty. In my point of view, even though both parents and institutions should work hand in hand in order to prepare young people to become responsible members of society, “parental” duties belong exclusively to parents.
On the one hand, statistics show that children behave the way their parents behave. For example, a child learns respect for others if he or she is treated respectfully by parents. Hence, the concept of respect begins at home. If children are raised in a respectful environment, and witness all family members treating each other respectfully, they will become respectable adults and behave this way in public as well.
On the other hand, some people believe schools are the right institutions where children may receive proper guidance to become sensible members of society. They argue that students spend at least 8 hours a day at school and claim teachers are responsible to teach polite social behavior. For example, if there is a dispute between students, some people claim it is the teachers responsibility to teach their students how to act properly in such a situation. Personally, I feel is an unrealistic request. A teacher's job is to teach, not to act as parent in a classroom.
In conclusion, both of these arguments have merits, and both schools and families should work together to make students productive members of society. Overall however, I believe the stronger claim is to have “parental” responsibilities fall primarily upon the parents.

15. IELTS Speaking/Writing basic outlines
1. To begin with/Generally speaking...
2. Personally I believe...
3. On the one hand...For example,
4. On the other hand...
5. But overall, I believe...
1. In my opinion/perspective/point of view, I agree/disagree with...
2. First of all... For example,
3. Second of all...In addition,
4. Finally...
5.In conclusion/ Overall...Based on these reasons, I suppose.. 15