1. Earth In Cross Section

2. Introduction Vocabulary
Varying: changing or changeable
Cross Section: “Cut in Half” view
Composition: What a substance is made of
Inferred: Not directly observed
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

3. Earth in Cross Section Lithosphere: 0 to 200 Km. Composed of 2 layers
Crust: Thin solid shell of rock on surface
Rigid Mantle: Solid part of the mantle
Crust composed of 2 different rock types…
Continental granite rock (low density)
Oceanic basalt rock (higher density)
Oceanic basalt sinks lower in the mantle due to its higher density
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

4. Part 1: Earth in Cross Section
Asthenosphere: 200 to 600Km
Plastic (not solid) part of mantle
Denser than crust
Made of melted rock (magma)
Mantle: 600 to 2800 Km
Thickest interior layer of Earth
Stiff (solid) part of the mantle
Denser than layers above it
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

5. Part 1: Earth in Cross Section
Outer Core: 2800 to 5200 Km
Liquid (melted) iron and nickel
Denser than mantle
Inner Core: 5200 to 6400 Km
Deepest, most dense layer
Solid iron and nickel
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

6. Part 1: Earth in Cross Section
The “MOHO” is an interface or boundary
Between the crust and the rigid mantle
We live on Earth’s surface..the crust
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

7. Part 2: Earth in Cross Section
Read the graphs and other information on the p.10 “Inferred Properties of Earth’s Interior” chart and be able to describe the following relationships…
As depth increases, density increases
Pressure and temperature are both directly related to depth!
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

8. Part 2: Layers of the Atmosphere
Atmosphere: “envelope” of gases surrounding earth
Earth’s surface is “0” ft altitude= sea level
When you fly in a plane or climb a mountain, you increase altitude
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

9. Part 2: Layers of the Atmosphere
Troposphere: 0 to 12 Km above sea level
Contains most of the air in the whole atmosphere
The layer we live in
The layer where all the weather occurs
As altitude increases, temperature and pressure both decrease.
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

10. Part 2: Layers of the Atmosphere
Stratosphere: 12 to 50 Km above sea level
Has a LOT less air than the troposphere, so pressure decreases
As altitude increases, temperature increases
Mesosphere: Km above sea level
Even less air than stratosphere
As altitude increases, temperature decreases
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

11. Part 2: Layers of the Atmosphere
Thermosphere: >80 Km above sea level
Upper layer of atmosphere
As altitude increases, temperature increases!
Highest layer of atmosphere: above the thermosphere is space!
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

12. Part 3: Composition Crust: The outer solid rock shell of earth
Read the chart on p1 ESRT to fill in blanks
All elements are found in minerals of rocks
Atmosphere: envelope of gases surrounding earth
Hydrosphere: Water found in low areas of crust
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)

13. Layers of the Atmosphere
TEKS: Social Studies –
6.22 (A), Using social studies terminology correctly
7.22 (A), 8.31 (A)