1. Chemical Layers of the Earth

2. Chemical Layers of Earth
* Crust, Mantle, Core
* Layers determined by DENSITY!
* The layers most dense are at the center and least dense are on the outside!

3. The Crust Thinnest layer 1% of Earth’s mass
Continental crust – lighter, older and thicker part of the crust which makes up the continents.
Oceanic crust – denser rock of the ocean floor (more iron, calcium and magnesium)

4. The Mantle Thickest layer 67% of Earth’s mass Uppermost part is solid
Middle acts like a thick liquid due to heat and pressure
Lowest part is even hotter but solid due to tremendous pressure
Magma (melted rock beneath Earth’s surface) comes from the mantle
Lava is magma that has reached the surface.

5. The Core
33% of Earth’s mass
Mostly iron with a little nickle

6. Physical Layers of Earth

7. Physical Layers 6 layers: Crust
Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Mesosphere (all part of mantle)
Inner and Outer Core

8. Lithosphere Uppermost part of the mantle
Made of tectonic plates – slow moving chunks of rocks that fit like a giant jigsaw puzzle and slide on the liquid part of the mantle
12 large plates and several smaller ones

9. Asthenosphere Slow moving thick liquid of the mantle
Flows due to convection currents
Convection – heat from the core rises causing the less heated magma to sink and the hotter magma to rise to the top
The convection currents keep repeating and flowing shifting the tectonic plates.

10. Mesosphere In between the asthenosphere and the outer core
Largest layer of Earth

11. Inner & Outer Core Two parts: Inner and Outer Outer – liquid
Inner – Solid due to enormous pressure
More than 6000 degrees Celcius and the pressure is 4 million times that of our air pressure!

12. Compositional vs. Physical

13. 5 Physical Layers Lithosphere brown Asthenosphere red Mesosphere
Orange
yellow
white
Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
5 Physical Layers

14. Lithosphere
Asthenosphere
Mesosphere
Outer Core
Inner Core
Lazy
Adam
Measured
One
Inch

15. Lithosphere Crust and Upper Mantle Solid Least dense layer
Divided into floating tectonic plates
Lithosphere

16. Asthenosphere
Middle Mantle
Made of magma
Have convection currents

17. Lower Mantle
Semi-solid (Like caramel)
Mesosphere

18. Outer Core LIQUID iron and nickel
Constantly moving around the inner core
Makes the Earth magnetic
Outer Core

19. SOLID iron and nickel
Very hot!
Most dense layer
Inner Core

20. Why are there layers? Heavier elements tend to sink to the core
Lighter elements rise toward the crust

21. Quick Quiz Question 1
Which of the layers makes up most of Earth’s mass?
A. Core
B. Mantle
C. Oceanic Crust
D. Continental Crust

22. The mantle makes up most of Earth’s mass!
Answer:
The mantle makes up most of Earth’s mass!

23. Question 2
In a cross section of the Earth, you would label the center of the planet as the:
A. Mantle
B. Crust
C. Inner Core
D. Outer Core

24. Question 2 Answer
Inner core is the center most part of the planet and is solid due to the pressure!

25. Question 3 Which layer of the Earth consists mostly of iron? A. Core
B. Mantle
C. Oceanic Crust
D. Continental Crust

26. The core contains mostly iron.
Question 3 Answer
The core contains mostly iron.

27. Question 4 Which statement is true about Earth’s tectonic plates?
A. They are floating on the core.
B. They are stable and do not move.
C. They are floating on the lithosphere.
D. They are floating on the athenosphere.

28. Question 4 Answer
They float on the athenosphere which is the thick liquid part of the mantle. The lithosphere is the layer of the tectonic plates!

29. Question 5
What is the only layer in the interior of the Earth that is composed of liquid?
A. Crust
B. Mantle
C. Outer core
D. Inner core

30. The outer core is the only layer that is made of ALL liquid!
Question 5 Answer
The outer core is the only layer that is made of ALL liquid!