1. Name the three sub-categories of symbiosis
Wednesday, April Day 1
Science Starters
Sheet
Agenda
1. Please have these
Items on your desk.
Science
Notebook
2- Science Starter:
Name the three sub-categories of symbiosis

2. Table of contents update
Pg / Ecology Unit learning goals
Pg / Symbiosis notes

3. Ecology Unit learning goals
• I can explain how an organism’s behavior allows it to survive in an environment.
• I can describe how an organism can maintain a stable internal environment while living in a constantly changing external environment.
• I can determine characteristics of organisms that could change over several generations.
• I can compare the symbiotic and competitive relationships in organisms within an ecosystem.
• I can analyze the following behavioral cycles of organisms: hibernation, migration and dormancy (plants).
• I can describe factors that allow for survival of living organisms such as protective coloration, beak design, seed dispersal, and pollination.

4. Relationships in Nature
Notes:
Relationships can be found throughout nature:
Dependent and Independent
Beneficial and Harmful
Hosts and Parasites
Questions:
This rhino is in a variety of relationships some obvious and some less visible.
1) Can you name any of these partnerships?
2) What the purpose of the relationship?
3) Who does it harm or help?

5. What is symbiosis? Two organisms that live together
Temporarily or for a longer time
At least one of the organisms benefits from the relationship

6. What are the different kinds of symbiosis?
Mutualism
Commensalism
Parasitism
one organism benefits
one organism benefits
both organisms benefit
one organism is unaffected
one organism is harmed

7. Parasitism Causes harm to host
The parasite benefits, the host is harmed or in some cases killed.

8. Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example 6: Taenia worm in human eye
Worm infects human blood stream Human may go blind
Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

9. Zombie Caterpillars -Slave Bodyguard
Wasp lays its eggs in the body of a caterpillar.
This is a three layered parasitic infection.
The wasps disable the caterpillar’s immune system, allowing the wasp eggs to survive.
The eggs hatch and feed on the caterpillar, but do not kill it. Instead, the caterpillar stops developing and spends the rest of its life protecting the wasp larva, even going as far as spinning its own cocoon around the wasp pupae.
When the adult wasp emerges from its cocoon, the zombie caterpillar finally tastes the sweet release of death.

10. Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed
Example 1: Acacia plant with ant galls
Ants lay eggs on acacia tree Acacia covers the infected area with brown flesh (gall)
Parasitism: one benefits, one is harmed

11. Commensalism Only one member benefits
sharing space, defense, shelter, food
Neither will die if relationship is ended
Shrimp & sea cucumber
The Shrimp hitch a ride on the large sea cucumbers. The shrimps get transported through a large area of potential food by their host with only a minimal expenditure of energy on their part. They can be observed getting off their host cucumber to feed in productive areas, and back on for a ride to the next spot!

12. Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected
Example 3: Cattle with cattle egrets
Cattle stir up insects as they eat grass Egrets hang around and eat insects
Commensalism: one benefits, one is unaffected

13. Mutualism: both benefit
Example 2: Moray Eel with Cleaner Fish
Moray Eel gets a clean mouth. Cleaner Fish gets a meal
Mutualism: both benefit

14. Mutualism Both organisms derive mutual benefit
Neither can survive without the other
Tickbirds and rhinos

15. Mutualism: Both benefit
Example 4: Clown fish with anemone
Clown fish gets protection Anemone
gets food
Mutualism: Both benefit

16. Mutualism: both benefit
Example 5: Antelope with Oxbird
Antelope gets rid of parasites Oxbird gets a meal
Mutualism: both benefit

17. Honey Bee & the Dandelion
gets to eat the pollen from the flower.
Dandelion
uses the bee to spread its pollen to another flower