1. DERIVATIONAL PROCESSESS IN FRENCH MORPHOLOGY
By Muhammad Naufal Anwa ( )
ENCO 1103
Prof. Nuraihan bt Mat Daud

2. WHAT IS MORPHOLOGY?
In linguistics, morphology is the study of the structure/forms of words and ways in which words are related to other words of the same language, with morpheme being the smallest grammatical unit in a language
A morpheme is not identical to a word, and the principal difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not stand alone, whereas a word, by definition, is freestanding
Every word comprises one or more morphemes. The more combinations a morpheme is found in, the more productive it is said to be.

3. DERIVATIONAL PROCESSESS
Reduplication
Borrowing
Clipping

4. REDUPLICATION
Reduplication is a morphological process in which the root or stem of a word, or part of it, or even the whole word is repeated exactly or with a slight change.
Oftenly used when a speaker adopts a tone more expressive or figurative than ordinary speech and is also often but not exclusively iconic in meaning.

5. REDUPLICATION EXAMPLES
ORIGINAL FORM
DEFINITION
bébête
bête
‘silly’
dodo
dormir
‘sleep’
fanfan
enfant
‘child’
fofolle
folle
‘foolish’
cracra
crasseux
‘dirty’

6. BORROWING
Borrowing in linguistics is a process where a word in one language is borrowed to another language.
The words that has been copied from another language that can be considered as borrowing are the ones with the phonological and semantic properties basically remaining intact.

7. BORROWING EXAMPLES ENGLISH FRENCH money monnaie bottle bouteille
pedestal
piédestal
final
finale
army
armée
story
histoire

8. CLIPPING
Clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts.
Most clippings are not coined as words belonging to the standard vocabulary of a language.
Clipping is different from back-formation, as back-formation may change the part of speech or the word's meaning, whereas clipping creates shortened words from longer words, but does not change the part of speech or the meaning of the word.

9. CLIPPING EXAMPLES WORD CLIPPED WORD DEFINITION parachute chute
individual cloth canopy
brassiere
bra
undergarment
hamburger
burger
type of sandwich
téléphone
phone
communications device

10. Merci!