1. A picture of late antiquity
The World before Islam
A picture of late antiquity

3. The Sasanian and Byzantine Empires

4. Key themes:
Religion
Empire
Urbanism
Frontiers, territoriality and war
Ethnicity and identity

5. Constantinople and the Eastern Mediterranean
Legacy of Rome and Hellenization
The Urban Landscape
Rise of the Church
Problems with Barbarians

6. Contestations in Christianity
Monophysites and Diophysites

7. The Relationship with the Arabs

8. Sasanians as the standard bearers of Near Eastern Civilization
Control of trade with the East
Diversity of religious traditions
Princely elites and court life
Symbol of the Orient?
Ctesiphon

10. Ghassanids and Lakhmids Arab proxies for the two empires

11. Arabia: A new player on the world stage
Religious context – monotheism and polytheism
Emergence of state structures
Interconnections with the outside world
Tribal politics and the notion of assabiya or “group solidarity”