1. Lesson #7 English Civil War

2. Essential Questions What caused the English Civil War?
What is your opinion of Oliver Cromwell as a leader, and as a man?

3. James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England
King of England

4. How was James I so different than Elizabeth, or the other Tudors?
Why will this matter?

5. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James I

6. What gave James I the authority to be king?
Who does James I remind you of?

7. James’ view of Divine Right
Kings are justly called gods, for that they exercise a manner or resemblance of divine power upon earth: for if you will consider the attributes to God, you shall see how they agree in the person of a king.
God hath power to create or destroy make or unmake at his pleasure, to give life or send death, to judge all and to be judged nor accountable to none; to raise low things and to make high things low at his pleasure, and to God are both souls and body due.
And the like power have kings: they make and unmake their subjects, they have power of raising and casting down, of life and of death, judges over all their subjects and in all causes and yet accountable to none but God only…

8. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James I
Charles I

9. What gave Charles I the authority to be king?

10. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Parliament raised an army to
attack the King’s army… 2m

11. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Bob Hale, Eng CW
Cromwell, a Parliamentarian took command of
Parliament’s military.
Parliament won
Cromwell then took over Parliament as dictator
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector

12. What was the big change? Col Cromwell ran the Parliament army
Tactics were superior (like Sweden -30 Yrs. War)
defeated Charles I
(translation: Roundheads beat Cavaliers)
Cromwell handed power to Parliament
5 years later, he replaced them with his own military dictatorship
PURITANICAL SOCIETY (no fun at all!!)
5 years after that, he died

13. Describe the attitude of Oliver Cromwell.
Do you think Cromwell had a right to declare himself dictator?

14. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
The Great Restoration
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
rap
Charles II
James
Cromwell died, and Parliament invited
Charles I son to return to England – they
restored the Stuarts to power.

15. They called that THE GREAT RESTORATION
Stuart brothers returned from exile
They’d been living in France
(coming to appreciate how French kinds ruled)
Charles II – THE MERRY MONARCH
Catholic tendencies
Charles II had no kids
Power would pass to next in line

16. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
No one liked James II, who was friends
with many Catholics.

17. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James’ first wife had two daughters
who were raised as Protestants.
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
Mary
(Protestant)
Anne
(Protestant)

18. THE GLORIOUS REVOLUTION
James II was hated by English
He had two daughters
Hope of the English: he’d die, they’d come to power
But then, he had a son…
planed to raise young Charlie Catholic
So, Parliament decided to dump James and his son…
And invite James’ older sister to the throne

19. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
James married a second time to a
Catholic woman, who would raise kids as
Catholics.
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
James then had son by that woman who would be Catholic. That was unacceptable
Charles II
James II
Mary
(Protestant)
Anne
(Protestant)
James
(Catholic)

20. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
So Parliament dumped James and invited his daughter, Mary and her husband to be the next monarchs.
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
William of
Orange from
Netherlands
Mary
(Protestant)
Anne
(Protestant)
James
(Catholic)

21. WILLIAM OF ORANGE James’ sister Mary had married the Dutch leader
Was VERY protestant
Perfect for the English
They invited William and Mary to “invade”
James II ran into exile, to France, with Charlie
Parliament then extended their power
Which was “revolutionary”
And in this war, no one died
Hence the name “glorious” and “revolution”
Parliament had demands for William and Mary

22. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
GLORIOUS REVOLUTION was when William and Mary were invited to invade England by Parliament and claim the throne from James II.
James I
Charles I
His son would never be king
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
William III
Mary II
Anne
(Protestant)
James
(Catholic)

23. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
William and Mary would rule as joint monarchs
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
Anne
(Protestant)
James
(Catholic)
William III
Mary II

24. ENGLISH BILL OF RIGHTS William and Mary had to promise:
they’d agree to a limit to their power
(called the BILL OF RIGHTS)
They’d call Parliament regularly
giving them real power
They had to agree to share power
They died with no kids, so…
Power passed the younger sister, Anne

25. STUART MONARCHS OF ENGLAND
When William and Mary died, Anne became queen.
Anne had no kids who lived past infancy, so the Stuart line died with her.
James I
Charles I
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR
Oliver Cromwell, Lord Protector
Charles II
James II
Anne I
James
(Catholic)
William III
Mary II

26. Answer one of these questions as the opening paragraph to a good essay
1. Discuss how our American Revolution can trace its roots to the English Civil War. 2. How did Elizabeth’s lack of an heir lead indirectly to the English Civil War?