1. Roman Empire
1200 B.C. to 480 A.D.

2. Beginning of an Empire First settlement made in Italy
Between 1200 B.C. and 750 B.C.
Romulus and Remus
Believed to be 753 B.C.
Rule of Romulus 753 – 716 B.C.
Ancient Cities found dating to 750 B.C.

3. Early Year and Monarchies
B.C. - Numa Pompilius
B.C. - Tullius Hostilius
B.C. - Ancus Marcius
B.C. - Tarquinius Priscus
builds the Cloaca Maxima, the first sewer.
B.C. - Servius Tullius
builds city walls

4. Roman Republic - Basics
Definition - a state in which the supreme power rests in the body of citizens entitled to vote and is exercised by representatives chosen directly or indirectly by them.
Patricians – Wealthy land owners, control
Plebeians – Common people, population
Tribunes – Assembly who protected unfair acts

5. Twelve Tables Problems Written Laws
Laws not written down leads to different interpretation
Plebeians treated unfairly
Written Laws
“All Citizens has a right to protection of the law”

6. Roman Republic Executive – 2 leaders elected for 1 year Legislative
Leader of government and army
Legislative
Senate members for life
Money, Foreign policy
Centuriate – All solider citizens for life
Select leaders, make laws
Tribal – All other citizens for life
Elects tribune members, local laws

7. Roman Republic (cont’d)
Judicial – 8 judges for 1 year
Elected by Centuriate Assembly
2 each oversee criminal and civil courts
6 other oversee providences
Legal Code
12 Tables
Citizens
Adult Landowning Males

8. Roman Grows to an Empire
265 B.C. – Rome conquered all of Italy
Trade
Wine and Olive oil from Rome for food, raw materials and manufactured good from others
War – Punic Wars
Carthage – 264 to 146 B.C. – 3 wars
23 years – Sicily and western lands - Won
2 years – Hannibal – Lost
3 years - Won

9. Roman Empire and Rise of Caesar
Republic Collapses – Punic wars, people
Rise of Julius Caesar (60 B.C.)
Allies with Crassus and Pompey
Named himself governor
44 B.C. Named himself dictator for life

10. Caesar’s Rule Reforms Political Influence
Citizenship to all people in conquered lands
Added people to the Senate
Created Jobs
Pay for soldiers
Political Influence
Wealthy did not like that he helped the common
Brutus and Cassius plotted his death
March 15th 44b.c. he was murdered

11. Octavian or “Augustus”
Caesar’s grandnephew and adopted son
Banded together with Mark Anthony
43 B.C. – Ruled the country as a team
Jealously and Anthony and Cleopatra
War with Anthony
Octavian won
Octavian became the sole ruler 27 B.C.

12. Empire under Augustus Rule 27 B.C. – 14 A.D 3 million square miles
60 – 80 million people
Most stable and progressive rules
“Pax Romana” or Roman Peace

13. Major Rulers of Rome Caligula - 37 – 41 A.D. Claudius – 41 – 54 A.D.
Mentally disturbed from disease
Claudius – 41 – 54 A.D.
Surprised all by being a great ruler
Nero - 54 A.D. – 68 A.D.
Good Administrator of government
Murdered all that opposed him
Including his mother

14. High Point Emperors Nerva 96 – 98 A.D. Trajan 98 – 117 A.D.
Hadrian 117 – 138 A.D.
Antoninus Pius 138 – 161 A.D.
Marcus Aurelias 161 – 180 A.D.

15. Decline and Fall 193 A.D. began the decline Reason for Fall – 476 A.D.
Inflation
Mercenaries
Reason for Fall – 476 A.D.
Political
Social
Economic
Military
Invasion