1. NHPA’s
Key Knowledge

2. NHPA’s
The National Health Priority Areas initiative was developed in 1996 for the purpose of reducing the burden of disease in Australia.
The conditions chosen account for a significant proportion of the overall burden of disease and allow government and non government organisations and the private sector to direct resources towards reducing the impact they have on society.

3. Selection of NHPA’s Contribute significantly to burden of disease
There is potential for significant room for improvement(largely preventable)
The financial costs associated with them
They impact significantly on disadvantaged groups so health inequalities can be addressed

4. You need to know Description of each All the conditions Determinants
Why it was chosen
One Health promotion program for each
Direct, indirect and intangible costs to individuals and communities

5. NHPA costs
Direct
Indirect
Intangible
To individual and the community

6. Direct- those associated with preventing the disease
Costs include all those associated with developing and implementing health promotion strategies, diagnosis, management and treatment of the condition
These are the dollar costs. $$$$$$$$$$$
Individual
Ambulance, medicare co-payments, medication, diagnostic tests, doctor’s fees
Community
Health promotion programs, Medicare costs, PBS costs, Payouts by private health insurance

7. Costs to the Individual
Individual- those paid by the ill person or family:
Ambulance transport
Diagnostic tests such as sight, hearing, blood tests, dental Xrays
Doctor’s/ Specialist consultation fees

8. Direct Costs to the Community
Community – costs associated with implementing health promotion strategies and diagnosing and treating conditions but which are paid for by the community
These costs are usually paid for through Medicare, PBS and or private health providers.
Doctors, specialist fees, operation of public and private hospitals,eg wages and implementation of health promotion programs.
Payouts by private health insurance

9. Indirect – not directly related to the diagnosis or treatment of the disease but occur as a result of the person having the disease
Individual
Loss of income
Employing someone to do household tasks, eg mowing lawns
Paying for a housekeeper
Transport Costs if if the person can no longer drive

10. Indirect Costs - Community
Loss of productivity- businesses may lose employees
social security/welfare/disability payments,
lost taxation revenue, unable to contribute to the country

11. Health Promotion Programs
Government and non government with agencies respond to the NHPAS by implementing programs and strategies.
This helps to reduce the burden of disease
Reduce the costs associated with the conditions to the individual and the community
Strategies to improve health

12. Health Promotion
The process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve their health.Health promotion strategies aim to encourage behaviour changes before diseases become a problem.
It is seen as a great way to encourage people to make behaviour changes before they become a problem.
Education is a great way to do this as it educates people to make positive changes.

13. Intangible- difficult to put a value on
Individual
Pain and suffering, anxiety, stress, feelings of loneliness, loss of self esteem
Community
Loss of participation in social activities, volunteers, coaches, grief experienced by community members.

14. Intangible Costs Community
Loss of participation in social activities promoting well being, knowledge and resources in the community.
Emotional impacts. Family and friends, work colleagues that experience grief in the case of the death of an individual.
Experience of community stress and concern of a community member when they are ill

15. Exam Questions
1. Identify two reasons for cardiovascular health being included in the NHPAs.
Identify one direct, indirect and intangible cost to an individual with lung cancer.
Identify one direct, indirect and intangible cost to the community of arthritis.

16. Homework
Test Your Knowledge
Questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7a, b.