1. How much do you really know about Rome?

2. *Have students draw a cross – On inside of cross, they will write how the pictures on slide #3 relate to Rome.

4. How did Rome become so large?
*Their army

5. Ancient Rome
750 BC - 400
750 BC – Groups of farmers and shepherds moved from the North into the Italian Peninsula.
*What was Greece doing in 750 BC? They were at the height of their civilization; they were enjoying being Greek.
*The tribes that settled in the area grew to form the city of Rome.
These people settled in several small villages that grew together to form Rome!

6. EXPANSION
As the city of Rome grew its army became stronger and began to conquer neighboring civilizations.
*Question #1
*Rome’s belief was that in order to be more powerful, they had to conquer the people and the areas around them (land was the natural resource that Rome wanted).
*Once an area was conquered, Rome gave them a choice: join them or die. If you joined them, you had to do it Rome’s way.
THE ROMAN ARMY WAS THE MAIN REASON THE EMPIRE WAS SO SUCCESSFUL!

7. Expansion was a ripple effect
*Expansion was a ripple effect. Rome was formed and the army conquered around it; spreading like a ripple.

8. EARLY ROME
The Roman Army successfully conquered Ancient Greece around 100 B.C. A lot of Greek culture was taken by the Romans.
*Question #2
*When Rome conquered Greece, they adopted several parts of their culture.
*Religion – gods & goddesses but they changed the names (to the planets)

9. The Roman Army was very powerful and defeated one enemy after another!
*All of the soldiers were uniformed; they all wore similar helmets and armor.
*They were all dressed in red, because red was seen as a power color.
*Different helmet = centurion

10. Soldiers were trained to use spears, swords, and slings in combat.
*Their weapons were advanced for the time period (technology).
*Many weapons were used for offensive and defensive purposes (scutum = shield).
*Helmet had ear slots, so the soldiers could hear the commands. It also had a curved back to protect the neck area.
SOLDIER WITH SPEAR

11. *Question #3 (part)
*Pilum (spear) – Crooked spear would touch the ground and make it hard to carry (dragged as they moved); slowed them down
*Soldiers would decorate weapons to show pride in their legion (standard has design to identify their legion).

12. *Question #3 (part)
*Gladius (small sword) – Easier to use than large sword; it was lighter

13. CATAPULT *Question #3 (part)
*Catapult was used to attach from far away.
*What other civilization used a catapult? Assyrians; How are they different? Assyrians’ was one arm that slung rocks at an area. Romans’ was more like a crossbow.

14. The Roman Army was divided into legions (army units).
*Question #4
*Advantages of a legion – Had reinforcements for other legions; could send other legions to different areas (conquer more land at same time)
Each legion had about 6,000 soldiers in it!

15. The commander of each legion would lead his army unit into battle by riding in on horseback.

16. Army units; 6,000 soldiers in each legion
legions
Definition:
Army units; 6,000 soldiers in each legion
Examples:
Roman Army
Category:
Political

17. Sentence Summary
The Ancient Greeks and the Ancient Romans are similar in that they both ______. They are different _______.

18. Sentence Summary
I was surprised that . . .

19. Roman Soldier Follow the directions on the handout
Use colored pencils or crayons
Rubric
Labeled Correctly – 30 pts. (5 pts./label)
Colored Correctly – 30 pts.
Design on Shield – 30 pts.
Neatness – 10 pts.
Roman Eagle

20. Compare a democracy in Greece & a democracy in Rome.
VS.
*Greece – Had a direct democracy; citizens voted on the laws
*Rome – Had a representative democracy (republic); citizens voted on representatives and the representatives voted on the laws
*Both forms of democracy allowed citizens to have a say in the government, but who was a citizen determined who really had the power (power stayed in the hands of a few, because only a few were citizens.)

21. Roman Government
As Rome grew, it established a form of government that was very similar to the direct democracy of Athens. The Romans established a representative democracy (called the Roman Republic). In a representative democracy, the citizens voted for representatives who make the laws.
*Question #5
*Greek City-States vs. Roman Republic – Use sheets to divide into city-states; explain that each city-state followed different laws; Athens citizens voted directly for law). Switch sheets to representatives; explain that in the Roman Republic, Roman citizens of an area would vote for a representative that would be a part of the Senate, who voted on the laws
*Representative Democracy = Republic

22. In the Roman Republic, citizens elected representatives to serve as government officials of different ruling bodies.
The most powerful ruling body was the Senate, which is where the most qualified officials served
*The Senate made all of the laws for the Roman Republic.

23. JULIUS CAESAR
JULIUS CAESAR WAS A POWERFUL MILITARY GENERAL THAT WANTED TO TAKE CONTROL OF THE ROMAN REPUBLIC.
*Question #6

24. CAESAR WANTED TO BE EMPEROR, OR RULER, OF ROME
CAESAR WANTED TO BE EMPEROR, OR RULER, OF ROME! HE WAS SUCCESSFUL AND TOOK CONTROL OF THE ROMAN GOVERNMENT!
*Once Julius Caesar took control, the Roman Republic ended.
*Under Julius Caesar, Rome became a dictatorship.

25. THEY FEARED HIM AS A DICTATOR
ON MARCH 15TH 44 BC, CAESAR WAS ASSASSINATED BY HIS FRIEND BRUTUS AND OTHER SENATORS
BRUTUS
*Julius Caesar was stabbed to death.
*March 15th is called the Ides of March.
THEY FEARED HIM AS A DICTATOR

26. representative democracy (republic) Political
Definition:
Citizens vote for people (representatives) who make the laws
Examples:
Roman Republic; United States
Category:
Political

27. Julius Caesar Political
*Remind students they need 3 important points about Caesar
Definition:
Powerful military general who ended the Roman Republic by becoming a dictator
Category:
Political

28. A leader who has complete control of the government
dictator
Definition:
A leader who has complete control of the government
Examples:
Julius Caesar
Adolf Hitler
Fidel Castro
Category:
Political

29. Sentence Synthesis Use two of the following words in one sentence:
representative democracy
Roman Republic
Senate
Julius Caesar
dictator
*Your sentence must show meaning!

30. What was ROMAN LIFE Like?
*For a patrician, life was good. Girls and boys were given an education. They also had the power in the government, because they were educated. Gladiator battles and plays also were forms of entertainment for patricians.
*Plebeians continued to do the work for the Roman civilization. They did not receive an education; therefore, they did not have as much of a say in the government. They could not attend gladiator battles and could also be used as gladiators.

31. Why were aqueducts needed?
As Roman towns got bigger, it became too hard for the people who lived in the towns to get drinking and washing water. Because the rivers were not clean, people who drank river water often got very sick or died.
*Question #9

32. AQUEDUCTS
By the time of the Roman Empire, most towns had at least one aqueduct to bring in fresh water, and big cities like Rome had ten or more.
*Aqueducts had very specific measurements and engineering. If the slope of the aqueduct was not correct, the water would not reach the city.

33. Roman Social Structure
Patrician
Plebeian
*Question #7
*Patricians = Rich; Plebeians = Common people to poor

34. Education
Only the children of the rich received an education in the Roman Empire.
Both boys and girls that went to school were taught to read and write in Latin.
*Question #8
*Another advantage for the rich was education. Only the rich received an education, so they kept all of the power.

35. ENTERTAINMENT For entertainment the Romans went to: - Plays
Gladiator Battles
*Arenas (like the Colosseum) were used as theater, as well as gladiator battles.
*In plays, men played all roles (including the women roles). They wore masks while performing to distinguish between a female and male role.
*Most famous arena was the Colosseum. It was the largest. It is also one of the Seven Wonders of the Medieval World.
Colosseum in Rome

36. Most gladiators were slaves or plebeians
Most gladiators were slaves or plebeians. They were the lower class of society.
*Questions #10 & #11
*Gladiator fighting was a business. Slaves and plebeians (peasants) were sold into being gladiators.
*Gladiator fights were for entertainment purposes.
*The emperor determined whether or not a gladiator died; thumbs up = lives, thumb down = dies
The gladiators would fight in brutal matches against themselves and animals such as lions, tigers, and bears.

37. *Gladiators had 2 choices: great weapons, poor armor; great armor, poor weapons

38. Slaves or plebeians that would fight brutal matches
gladiator
Definition:
Category:
Slaves or plebeians that would fight brutal matches
Cultural

39. Used for transporting clean water from a distance
aqueduct
Definition:
Category:
Used for transporting clean water from a distance
Cultural

40. Power Thinking Review P1 – Roman Daily Life P2 – P3 – P3 -
*P2 – Social Structure; P3 – Choice
P2 – Aqueducts; P3 – Choice
P2 – Theaters (plays); P3 – Choice
P2 – Gladiators; P3 - Choice

41. Who/What provided hope for some plebeians
Who/What provided hope for some plebeians? How did this change the Roman civilization?
*Jesus & Christianity; At first it did not change the Roman civilization at all. The Romans crucified Jesus, because they were afraid that he would lead a revolt of the plebeians. Years later, Constantine converted to Christianity switching the Roman Empire from polytheistic to monotheistic.

42. JESUS WAS BORN IN BETHLEHEM WHEN ROME WAS ITS MOST POWERFUL
CHRISTIANITY
JESUS WAS BORN IN BETHLEHEM WHEN ROME WAS ITS MOST POWERFUL
*Jesus spread Christianity.

43. JESUS WAS A PROPHET, OR TEACHER, THAT TAUGHT…
ONLY ONE TRUE GOD
LOVE OTHERS AS YOU LOVE YOURSELF
3.DEFEND THE POOR
*Question #12
*During the Roman Empire, Christianity became very influential especially with the plebeians. Why? It gave them hope, and they rallied.

44. ROME ARRESTED JESUS AND CRUCIFIED HIM.
AS JESUS’ FOLLOWING GREW, ROME WAS AFRAID THAT HE WOULD LEAD A REVOLT.
ROME ARRESTED JESUS AND CRUCIFIED HIM.
*Jesus was not crucified by Rome because of His religious teachings; Rome crucified Him to prevent a revolt against the government.
*Crucifixion was a common form of punishment by the Roman government.

45. Rome Converts to Christianity
A famous Roman Emperor, Constantine, converted to Christianity.
*Question #13 (part)
*When Constantine converted to Christianity, the Roman Empire went from polytheistic to monotheistic.

46. What’s the Point?
Constantine’s conversion led to the majority of the Roman Empire becoming Christian. When this happened, the Roman Catholic denomination of Christianity was created!
*Question #13 (part)
*Roman Catholic is the only denomination of Christianity at this time.

47. Roman emperor who converted to Christianity Religion (his decision)
Constantine
Definition:
Category:
Roman emperor who converted to Christianity
Political
Religion (his decision)

48. 3-2-1 3 things you learned 2 things you thought were interesting
1 question you still have

49. WHAT happened to the Roman Empire?
*The Roman Empire became too big. All the areas could not be controlled, so the empire broke apart. There was not a central government, so Europe broke into chaos.

50. Fall of Rome
By 400 A.D. the Roman Empire had become so large that is was nearly impossible to govern or control.
*Question #14
*The Roman Empire fell, because it was too big. One emperor could not control all of the people, nor could the Roman army defend everyone.

51. The Roman Empire fell due to:
Emperor could not control all of the people (the empire was too big)
The Roman Army could not protect all of the empire (the empire was too big)
Ethnic groups started to break away from the Roman Empire and form their own countries and governments (the empire was too big).
*Ethnic groups began to divide themselves from the Roman government; these groups began to form countries.
*Since the Roman government couldn’t control the area, it became dangerous to live in Europe. Europe was chaotic, and entered into the Dark Ages (Middle Ages, Medieval Times).

52. Pattern Puzzles You will be given an index card.
Read the index card and decide which frisbee it should be placed in.
Place your index card in the correct frisbee.