1. Roman Empire

2. Vocabulary
Deify
Aqueduct
Mosaic
Mercenary
Satire
Inflation

3. Emperors of Rome
After Julius Caesar's death Octavian who later became Augustus and Rome’s 1st emperor.
Augustus made Rome stable and peaceful again by creating smaller armies and also creating the Pax Romana which was a peace treaty for the people of Rome

4. Emperors of Rome
Augustus also started the trend of deifying himself which is what most emperors following him also did.
Many emperors followed after Augustus including Marcus Aurelius who wrote a famous philosophy, and Hadrian who built walls to separate Romans and Non Romans.
Emperors also built aqueducts, public baths, temples, and other large buildings.

5. Roman Achievements
One of the most important Roman created paved roads which were about 50,000 miles put together and all lead to the Roman Empire. These roads made it easy for travel, trade and communication.

6. Roman Achievements
Romans also created concrete which they used for bridges and to cover domes. Romans created concrete from stone, sand, limestone, clay, and water.

7. Roman Achievements
Aqueducts gave Romans a way to transport water underground using concrete or stone channels and pipes. This made farming and public use for water such as baths a lot easier.

8. Roman Culture
Roman arts were usually displayed through mosaics, statues, vases, and jars. These forms of art were found throughout many wealthy homes, public buildings, and temples.

9. Roman Culture
Roman arts were similar to the Greek arts. Both made statues of gods, heroes, important people but Roman made them look more realistic instead of the younger version of them.

10. Roman Culture
Latin was a huge part of Roman culture and it influenced people all around the world. The Latin language has created new languages such as Spanish , Italian, French, and Portuguese. English though was created from Latin has over half of its words with some sort of Latin origin.

11. Roman Culture
Rome had a well developed literature which they learned from Greece. To build on what they learned from Greece Romans begin to turn their writings into oratories (speeches).

12. Roman Literature
One of the most famous orators in Roman history was Cicero. Cicero was Politian during the last days of the Roman Republic who used his speeches to get elected in the Roman Republic.

13. Roman Literature
Romans also wrote poetry. Three 0f the most famous poets in Roman history are Virgil, Horace, and Ovid. Virgil wrote the famous poem “Aeneid” which was a poem modeled after Homer’s Illiad & Odyssey.

14. Roman Literature
Horace wrote “Odes” which is a collection of poems that are about love and friendship.
Ovid wrote poems about love and retold Greek and Roman myths.

15. Roman Literature
Roman literature also included satire and philosophy. Juvenal became famous for his satires that made fun of Roman society. Seneca was a famous philosopher who wrote about stoicism (self control).

16. Roman Science
One of the most famous scientist was Claudius Ptolemy who was also an astronomer and mathematician who lived in Kemet. Ptolemy shaped the way we study geography and also produced the book “Almagest” which was society’s view of the universe until it was found incorrect in the 1400s.

17. Roman Medicine
One of Rome’s most famous physicians was Claudius Galen. Galen conducted dissection on animals where he discovered that arteries carry blood. Galen findings and writings were used for thousands of years.

18. Roman Entertainment
Similar to Greece, Rome’s entertainment came from plays, public entertainment, and athletics. To house these forms of entertainment Rome built stadiums, arenas, and amphitheaters.

19. Roman Entertainment
Rome like other civilization had a thing for violence which was why their most popular form of entertainment was gladiatorial fights and chariot racing.

20. Roman Entertainment
Roman gladiatorial fights usually took place in the Colosseum, usually between two men who fought to the death but there were also fights with multiple men and at times animals against men. The fights started as a funeral ceremony in Southern Italy where the men who died was a sacrifice to the person who died.

21. Roman Entertainment
Chariot Races which were also violent and deadly events that took place in the Circus Maxiums which were huge race tracks.

22. Law of Roman Empire
In 400s BCE Rome decided to change their unwritten constitution into written laws called the Twelve Tables. This was a set of laws that address family relations, property, inheritance, and other important issues. This form of laws eventually turned into civil law which would spread to countries such as France, Spain, and Portugal.