1. Roman Empire Aim: Explain the rise and fall of Julius Caesar.
Do Now: How did the Romans start to build an empire (explain Punic Wars).
Roman Empire

2. Julius Caesar Not from a wealthy family
Well educated/well spoken/lawyer
Gains fame
High priest of Rome
Military commander
Spain – victorious
Gains more fame

4. First Triumvirate Rome in chaos 1st Triumvirate - 3 men gain power
Crassus - command in Syria
Pompey – command in Spain
Julius Caesar - command in Gaul (France)
Dominate Rome

5. First Triumvirate Crassus dies in 53 B.C. Caesar vs. Pompey
Caesar defeats Pompey’s forces
Caesar – dictator in 47 B.C.
Dictator – someone who rules with absolute power

6. Rule of Caesar Changed calendar to 365 days
“July”
Gave land to poor and soldiers
Increased number of Senators
Named himself “dictator for life”

7. Roman Empire Aim: How did Caesar’s rule come to an end?
Do Now: How and why was Caesar killed?
Roman Empire

8. Caesar’s Fall Some senators hated Caesar and dictatorship
They wanted a republic
Plot (conspiracy) to kill him
“Ides of March” – March 15
44 B.C. – stabbed and killed by enemies
“Et tu Brute” – And you too, Brutus?

9. Roman Empire Aim: How did Rome regain order after the death of Caesar?
Do Now: How and why was Caesar removed from power?

10. Roman Empire Aim: How did Rome prosper during Pax Romana?
Do Now: Who was Octavian and Marc Antony?

11. Rome after caesar Octavian – Caesar’s adopted son and grand-nephew
Marc Antony – general and loyal to Caesar
Cassius and Brutus control Greece and eastern empire
Civil war breaks out

12. Civil war Octavian wants to make sure he has power in Rome
Second Triumvirate is formed
Octavian
Marc Antony
Lepidus
2nd Triumvirate defeats Brutus and Cassius
Battle of Philippi

13. Civil War Marc Antony forms alliance with Cleopatra of Egypt
Wealth of Egypt will help Antony control Rome
Octavian vs. Antony
Octavian wins naval battle
Battle of Actium

14. Emperor augustus Octavian now the ruler of the Empire
Takes the name Caesar Augustus (“honored one”)
Month of August named after
Technically not a dictator
But did have supreme power

15. Pax romana “Roman peace” for 200 years Focus on empire and not wars
Roads, buildings, water systems, government, money system
Rome
1 million people

16. All roads lead to rome All major roads lead out of Rome
Most important city
50,000 miles of road
Trade goods
Military movement

18. Ruling an empire Strong laws from Rome provides order
Army present throughout empire
Governors rule in different areas
Census – count of people living in empire
Purpose - TAXES

20. Christianity Jesus of Nazareth has a huge following in Judea
Judea is controlled by Roman Empire
Jesus is put to death and rises from the dead
12 Apostles and Paul spread the faith
Christianity begins
Peter – 1st Pope
Pope is the bishop of Rome

22. Rome Marble temples and buildings Theaters and public baths
Aqueducts – waterways built to bring streams of fresh water into the city

23. Vast BUILDING projects
Stadiums – gladiators (warrior slaves/criminals) fought animals and other people, often to the death
Thousands of
Christians put to
death - martyrs

25. Famous buildings Colosseum – largest, most famous stadium in Rome
Pantheon – large temple in Rome that honored all Roman gods
Religion a part of daily life

26. homework Roman Domes and Gladiators worksheet
Paragraph – Explain in detail the Colosseum. Use notes and video.
OOylD1KC6kc

27. pompeii
Aim: How did the ancient city of Pompeii offer historians and archaeologists a great opportunity?
Do Now: What do you know about Pompeii? If you know nothing, look it up on your iPad.

28. pompeii Eruption of Mount Vesuvius in A.D. 79
Kills thousands of people
First hand account (primary source) by Pliny the Younger

29. Pompeii Artifacts/human remains preserved in volcanic ash
Give historians idea of daily Roman life

30. Paragraph
Explain the eruption of Mt. Vesuvius and the story of Pliny the Elder?
Why is this discovery important to historians?

31. Decline of the roman empire
Aim: How did the Roman Empire divide and start to decline?
Do Now: Take out Christianity worksheet

32. Under attack German barbarians from northern Europe
Empire too big to control
Army weakened and empire poorer

33. Empire divided A.D. 284 – Emperor Diocletian
Divide empire into east and west
East – Egypt, Greece, and Palestine – Roman name for Judea
Rome no longer most important city
Power shift from west to east

34. Constantine 306 – Emperor Constantine Reunited Roman Empire
Empire based in Constantinople (modern day Turkey)
Easy to protect
Trade

35. Christianity Persecuted by emperors (went against Roman gods)
312 – Edict of Milan - Constantine granted religious freedom to Christians

36. Empire’s end 410 – northern people’s soldiers take Rome
476 – last Roman emperor is removed from throne
Eastern/Byzantine Empire lives for 1,000 years more
Greek influence
Eastern Orthodox Church
ristianity
No belief in the pope

37. Roman empire legacy Laws and government Languages – Latin
Republic
Languages – Latin
Architecture – domes and arches
Christianity