3. As seen in the figure, to describe the rocks that are displaced across faults, geologists use ________ terminology.
construction
mining
painting
aerospace
forestry

4. As seen in the figure, to describe the rocks that are displaced across faults, geologists use ________ terminology.
construction
mining
painting
aerospace
forestry
Answer: B
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 3.1 – Introduction to Earthquakes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

5. In which of the following faults does the hanging-wall move down relative to the footwall?
Left-lateral strike-slip fault
Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Normal dip-slip fault
Reverse dip-slip fault
Blind fault

6. Left-lateral strike-slip fault Right-lateral strike-slip fault
In which of the following faults does the hanging-wall move down relative to the footwall?
Left-lateral strike-slip fault
Right-lateral strike-slip fault
Normal dip-slip fault
Reverse dip-slip fault
Blind fault
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 3.1 – Introduction to Earthquakes
Earth Science LO: 4.4 – Earth’s tectonic plates consist of the rocky crust and uppermost mantle, and move slowly with respect to one another.

7. The fault in the figure is caused by ________ stress.
shearing
compressional
bending
torsional
tensional

8. The fault in the figure is caused by ________ stress.
shearing
compressional
bending
torsional
tensional
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.1 – Introduction to Earthquakes
Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

9. Which stage of the earthquake cycle may occur only hours or days prior to the next large earthquake but may not always occur?
Accumulation of elastic strain
Mainshock
Aftershock
Foreshock
Fault slip

10. Accumulation of elastic strain Mainshock Aftershock Foreshock
Which stage of the earthquake cycle may occur only hours or days prior to the next large earthquake but may not always occur?
Accumulation of elastic strain
Mainshock
Aftershock
Foreshock
Fault slip
Answer: D
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 3.2 – The Earthquake Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.4 – Hazardous events can be sudden or gradual.

11. When reporting to the public where the earthquake originated, new reports give the location of the ________.
focus
hypocenter
epicenter
fault
aftershocks

12. When reporting to the public where the earthquake originated, new reports give the location of the ________.
focus
hypocenter
epicenter
fault
aftershocks
Answer: C
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.2 – The Earthquake Processes
Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

13. Which is not a type of seismic wave?
P wave
Love wave
S wave
Ground wave
Surface wave

14. Which is not a type of seismic wave?
P wave
Love wave
S wave
Ground wave
Surface wave
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.2 – The Earthquake Processes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

15. Which of the following statements is false about P waves?
P waves cause the most of the damage at the epicenter.
P waves are the fastest of the waves.
P waves can move through solids, liquids, or gasses.
P waves move with a push/pull motion.
All of the above statements about P waves are true.

16. Which of the following statements is false about P waves?
P waves cause the most of the damage at the epicenter.
P waves are the fastest of the waves.
P waves can move through solids, liquids, or gasses.
P waves move with a push/pull motion.
All of the above statements about P waves are true.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.2 – The Earthquake Processes
Earth Science LO: 1.2 – Earth scientists use a large variety of scientific principles to understand how our planet works.

17. Slow damage to roads, sidewalks, building foundations, and other structures such as that shown in the figure is a result of a process called
Ground shrinking.
Instantaneous shaking.
None of the answers are correct.
Fault scarping.
Tectonic creep.

18. Instantaneous shaking. None of the answers are correct.
Slow damage to roads, sidewalks, building foundations, and other structures such as that shown in the figure is a result of a process called
Ground shrinking.
Instantaneous shaking.
None of the answers are correct.
Fault scarping.
Tectonic creep.
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.2 – The Earthquake Processes
Earth Science LO: 8.4 – Hazardous events can be sudden or gradual.

19. In which situation would you expect to experience the most shaking from an earthquake?
Located 1 mile from epicenter, on hard Igneous rock, not on the path of greatest rupture, M 4.5
Located 4 miles from epicenter, on mud, not on the path of greatest rupture, M 6.5
Located 3.5 miles from epicenter, on hard Igneous rock, on the path of greatest rupture, M 6.5
Located 4 miles from epicenter, on mud, on the path of greatest rupture, M 6.5
Located 4 miles from epicenter, on mud, on the path of greatest rupture, M 3.5

20. In which situation would you expect to experience the most shaking from an earthquake?
Located 1 mile from epicenter, on hard Igneous rock, not on the path of greatest rupture, M 4.5
Located 4 miles from epicenter, on mud, not on the path of greatest rupture, M 6.5
Located 3.5 miles from epicenter, on hard Igneous rock, on the path of greatest rupture, M 6.5
Located 4 miles from epicenter, on mud, on the path of greatest rupture, M 6.5
Located 4 miles from epicenter, on mud, on the path of greatest rupture, M 3.5
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.3 – Earthquake Shaking
Earth Science LO: 8.4 – Hazardous events can be sudden or gradual.

21. The most appropriate scale to use to compare earthquakes around the world is the
Richter scale.
Mercalli Intensity scale.
moment magnitude scale.
attenuation scale.
Fujita scale.

22. Mercalli Intensity scale. moment magnitude scale. attenuation scale.
The most appropriate scale to use to compare earthquakes around the world is the
Richter scale.
Mercalli Intensity scale.
moment magnitude scale.
attenuation scale.
Fujita scale.
Answer: C
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.3 – Earthquake Shaking
Earth Science LO: 1.6 – Earth scientists construct models of Earth and its processes that best explain the available geological evidence.

23. How is the intensity for an area determined on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale?
People’s perception of shaking and extent of damage.
Measurement through seismographs.
Distance from the epicenter.
Amplitude of the waves.
Derived from the Richter scale value.

24. People’s perception of shaking and extent of damage.
How is the intensity for an area determined on the Modified Mercalli Intensity scale?
People’s perception of shaking and extent of damage.
Measurement through seismographs.
Distance from the epicenter.
Amplitude of the waves.
Derived from the Richter scale value.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.3 – Earthquake Shaking
Earth Science LO: 8.2 – Natural hazards shape the history of human societies.

26. Although further from the epicenter than other areas, the darker orange areas in the figure experienced the most severe shaking from the Loma Prieta Earthquake because
they are closer to the fault.
buildings were weaker there.
shaking increases as you move away from the epicenter.
most people in the area live there.
the bay shore consists of natural deposits of mud and bay fill.

27. they are closer to the fault. buildings were weaker there.
Although further from the epicenter than other areas, the darker orange areas in the figure experienced the most severe shaking from the Loma Prieta Earthquake because
they are closer to the fault.
buildings were weaker there.
shaking increases as you move away from the epicenter.
most people in the area live there.
the bay shore consists of natural deposits of mud and bay fill.
Answer: E
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 3 Read and interpret graphs and data
Section: 3.3 – Earthquake Shaking
Earth Science LO: 8.2 – Natural hazards shape the history of human societies.

28. To determine the epicenter of an earthquake, scientists
locate the area where the most damage is centered.
determine where the highest magnitude was recorded.
measure where the wave frequencies were the greatest.
find the intersection of P and S arrival time data from three seismographs at different locations.
find the strongest relationship between ground shaking and magnitude.

29. To determine the epicenter of an earthquake, scientists
locate the area where the most damage is centered.
determine where the highest magnitude was recorded.
measure where the wave frequencies were the greatest.
find the intersection of P and S arrival time data from three seismographs at different locations.
find the strongest relationship between ground shaking and magnitude.
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.3 – Earthquake Shaking
Earth Science LO: 1.4 – Earth scientists must use indirect methods to examine and understand the structure, composition, and dynamics of Earth’s interior.

30. The greatest earthquakes with magnitudes over 9 are usually associated with
transform faults.
blind faults.
subduction zones.
divergent zones.
interplate earthquakes.

31. interplate earthquakes.
The greatest earthquakes with magnitudes over 9 are usually associated with
transform faults.
blind faults.
subduction zones.
divergent zones.
interplate earthquakes.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across Geology
Section: 3.4 – Geographic Regions at Risk from Earthquakes
Earth Science LO: 4.5 – Many active geologic processes occur at plate boundaries.

32. What is a major problem with intraplate earthquakes?
They generally result in the highest magnitude of earthquakes.
There is generally a lack of preparedness because they occur less often.
They occur more often than any other type of earthquake.
They are events called megathrust earthquakes.
There are no intraplate earthquakes; earthquakes only occur at plate boundaries.

33. What is a major problem with intraplate earthquakes?
They generally result in the highest magnitude of earthquakes.
There is generally a lack of preparedness because they occur less often.
They occur more often than any other type of earthquake.
They are events called megathrust earthquakes.
There are no intraplate earthquakes; earthquakes only occur at plate boundaries.
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.4 – Geographic Regions at Risk from Earthquakes
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards, but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.

34. Which is not a secondary effect of earthquakes?
tsunamis
ground liquefaction
landslides
disease
ground shaking

35. Which is not a secondary effect of earthquakes?
tsunamis
ground liquefaction
landslides
disease
ground shaking
Answer: E
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.5 – Effects of Earthquakes and Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.5 – Natural hazards can be local or global in origin.

36. Why was the 1994 Northridge earthquake (M 6
Why was the 1994 Northridge earthquake (M 6.7) in California 20 times as costly as the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake (M 9.2)?
Things cost more in California
Building codes more stringent in Alaska
9.2 in 1964 was not as intense as a 9.2 would be in 1994
Many more human-made structures in the area
The California earthquake was closer to water

37. Things cost more in California Building codes more stringent in Alaska
Why was the 1994 Northridge earthquake (M 6.7) in California 20 times as costly as the 1964 Prince William Sound, Alaska earthquake (M 9.2)?
Things cost more in California
Building codes more stringent in Alaska
9.2 in 1964 was not as intense as a 9.2 would be in 1994
Many more human-made structures in the area
The California earthquake was closer to water
Answer: D
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.5 – Effects of Earthquakes and Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.2 – Natural hazards shape the history of human societies.

38. Why is fire such a major hazard linked with earthquakes?
Firefighting equipment may be damaged
All of these are reasons why fires are a major hazard
Streets may be blocked
Bridges may be damaged or destroyed
Water main may be broken

39. Why is fire such a major hazard linked with earthquakes?
Firefighting equipment may be damaged
All of these are reasons why fires are a major hazard
Streets may be blocked
Bridges may be damaged or destroyed
Water main may be broken
Answer: B
Diff: 1
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 3.5 – Effects of Earthquakes and Linkages with Other Natural Hazards
Earth Science LO: 8.1 – Natural hazards result from natural Earth processes.

40. What is not a natural service function of earthquakes?
Exposure of economically valuable mineral resources
Create scenic landforms
Help prevent future larger earthquakes
Destroy natural underground dams that slow or redirect flows
Create preferential paths for surface water flow

41. What is not a natural service function of earthquakes?
Exposure of economically valuable mineral resources
Create scenic landforms
Help prevent future larger earthquakes
Destroy natural underground dams that slow or redirect flows
Create preferential paths for surface water flow
Answer: D
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.6 – Natural Service Functions of Earthquakes
Earth Science LO: 8.2 – Natural hazards shape the history of human societies.

42. Human activity can cause earthquakes through all these ways except
underground testing of nuclear weapons.
building over fault lines.
injecting fluids into Earth.
building dams.
Disposal of chemical weapon waste into Earth.

43. Human activity can cause earthquakes through all these ways except
underground testing of nuclear weapons.
building over fault lines.
injecting fluids into Earth.
building dams.
Disposal of chemical weapon waste into Earth.
Answer: B
Diff: 4
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.7 – Human Interaction with Earthquakes
Earth Science LO: 9.1 – Human activities significantly change the rates of many of Earth’s surface processes.

44. What is not a major goal of the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program?
Predict effects of earthquakes.
Predict time and place of earthquakes.
Determine earthquake potential.
Apply research results.
Develop an understanding of the earthquake source.

45. Predict effects of earthquakes. Predict time and place of earthquakes.
What is not a major goal of the National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program?
Predict effects of earthquakes.
Predict time and place of earthquakes.
Determine earthquake potential.
Apply research results.
Develop an understanding of the earthquake source.
Answer: B
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.8 – Minimizing the Earthquake Hazard
Earth Science LO: 8.8 – An Earth-science-literate public is essential for reducing risks from natural hazards.

46. If predictions of earthquakes were possible, the predictions would be based on all except
unusual animal behavior.
seismic gaps along faults.
patterns and frequency of earthquakes.
deformation of the ground surface.
geophysical and geochemical changes in Earth.

47. unusual animal behavior. seismic gaps along faults.
If predictions of earthquakes were possible, the predictions would be based on all except
unusual animal behavior.
seismic gaps along faults.
patterns and frequency of earthquakes.
deformation of the ground surface.
geophysical and geochemical changes in Earth.
Answer: A
Diff: 3
Bloom's Taxonomy: Comprehension
Global Sci Out: 2 Demonstrate the ability to think critically and employ critical thinking skills
Section: 3.8 – Minimizing the Earthquake Hazard
Earth Science LO: 8.6 – Earth scientists are continually im proving estimates of when and where natural hazards occur.

48. How can we adjust to an earthquake hazard?
Make sure there are adequate insurance and relief measures available.
Locate critical facilities in safe locations.
All of these are ways to adjust to an earthquake hazard.
Construct earthquake-resistant structures.
Educate the public.

49. How can we adjust to an earthquake hazard?
Make sure there are adequate insurance and relief measures available.
Locate critical facilities in safe locations.
All of these are ways to adjust to an earthquake hazard.
Construct earthquake-resistant structures.
Educate the public.
Answer: C
Diff: 2
Bloom's Taxonomy: Knowledge
Global Sci Out: 7 Demonstrate the ability to make connections across geology
Section: 3.9 – Perception of and Adjustment to the Earthquake Hazard
Earth Science LO: 8.7 – Humans cannot eliminate natural hazards, but can engage in activities that reduce their impacts.