1. WHAT ARE TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES (FAULTS)?

2. WHAT ARE TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES (FAULTS)?
At some locations on the surface of the Earth, plates are neither moving away from (diverging) or towards (converging)one another. At these points sections of the Earth slide horizontally past one another.

3. WHAT ARE TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES (FAULTS)?
At some locations on the surface of the Earth, plates are neither moving away from (diverging) or towards (converging)one another. At these points sections of the Earth slide horizontally past one another. These zones are “necessary” because:

4. WHAT ARE TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES (FAULTS)?
At some locations on the surface of the Earth, plates are neither moving away from (diverging) or towards (converging)one another. At these points sections of the Earth slide horizontally past one another. These zones are “necessary” because:
The Earth’ s surface is curved.

5. WHAT ARE TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES (FAULTS)?
At some locations on the surface of the Earth, plates are neither moving away from (diverging) or towards (converging)one another. At these points sections of the Earth slide horizontally past one another. These zones are “necessary” because:
The Earth’ s surface is curved.
Not all plate boundaries interact with each other in a simple geometric fashion.

6. WHAT ARE TRANSFORM BOUNDARIES (FAULTS)?
At some locations on the surface of the Earth, plates are neither moving away from (diverging) or towards (converging)one another. At these points sections of the Earth slide horizontally past one another. These zones are “necessary” because:
The Earth’ s surface is curved.
Not all plate boundaries interact with each other in a simple geometric fashion.
Rates of divergence and convergence vary globally.

7. TRANSFORM FAULT
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8. TRANSFORM
FAULT
San Andreas Fault,
California

9. O. Zielke et al., Science 327, 1119-1122 (2010)
San Francisco
Los Angeles
O. Zielke et al., Science 327, (2010)
Published by AAAS

10. Eureka Sacramento Oakland San Francisco Los Angeles San Diego
Science 20 May 2011: Vol. 332 no pp
Los Angeles
San Diego

11. SAN ANDREAS FAULT

12. Setting of El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake surface rupture and LIDAR scan
Setting of El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake surface rupture and LIDAR scan. (A) Regional active fault map compiled from pre-earthquake sources (18, 19). The elongate yellow region denotes the extent of the postearthquake LIDAR survey. (B) LIDAR-derived height-difference map (post- minus pre-earthquake) for the Sierra Cucapah (see fig. S1 for a more detailed version). Fault ruptures mapped from scarps in postevent LIDAR data are shown as black lines. The black dotted line is the trace of the 1892 Laguna Salada fault rupture (9). Distributed deformation across the Paso Inferior and Puerta accommodation zones separate localized slip along principal faults.
Fig. 1 Setting of El Mayor–Cucapah earthquake surface rupture and LIDAR scan.
M E Oskin et al. Science 2012;335:
Published by AAAS

13. TRANSFORM FAULT - HAITI
03.07.b1

14. HAITI 2010
10.13.a1

15. JAMAICA

16. PORT ROYAL JAMAICA, 1692
KINGSTON, JAMAICA, 1907

17. LESSER ANTILLES
Island Arc
Montserrat
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18. SOUFRIERE HILLS
MONTSERRAT